Table 2 The pharmaceutical treatment patterns presented by education and income levels
Variables | All patients (n = 25,454) | Education | p | Household Net Incomea | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illiteracy (n = 1695) | Primary education (n = 5667) | Secondary education (11,936) | College and above (n = 6156) | <2000 (n = 10,039) | 2000–5000 (n = 11,586) | ≥5000 (n = 2964) | ||||
OHD only, n (%) | 13,988 (55.0) | 988 (58.3) | 3181 (56.1) | 6564 (55.0) | 3255 (52.9) | <0.001 | 5497 (54.8) | 6525 (56.3) | 1543 (52.1) | <0.001 |
Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 6578 (47.0) | 561 (56.8) | 1670 (52.5) | 3097 (47.2) | 1250 (38.4) | <0.001 | 2732 (49.7) | 3000 (46.0) | 664 (43.0) | <0.001 |
Biguanide, n (%) | 7623 (54.5) | 497 (50.3) | 1696 (53.3) | 3662 (55.8) | 1768 (54.3) | 0.004 | 2930 (53.3) | 3545 (54.3) | 892 (57.8) | 0.001 |
α-glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 4432 (31.7) | 266 (26.9) | 897 (28.2) | 2018 (30.7) | 1251 (38.4) | <0.001 | 1422 (25.9) | 2343 (35.9) | 537 (34.8) | <0.001 |
Thiazolidinediones, n (%) | 1378 (9.9) | 70 (7.1) | 298 (9.4) | 654 (10.0) | 356 (10.9) | 0.003 | 450 (8.2) | 656 (10.1) | 217 (14.1) | <0.001 |
Meglitinides, n (%) | 1146 (8.2) | 55 (5.6) | 234 (7.4) | 528 (8.0) | 329 (10.1) | <0.001 | 421 (7.7) | 547 (8.4) | 139 (9.0) | 0.225 |
Insulin only, n ( %) | 4446 ( 17.5) | 300 (17.7) | 1066 (18.8) | 2035 (17.0) | 1045 (17.0) | <0.001 | 1837 (18.3) | 1881 (16.2) | 495 (16.7) | <0.001 |
OHD + insulin, n ( %) | 4620 (18.2) | 248 (14.6) | 944 (16.7) | 2124 (17.8) | 1304 (21.2) | <0.001 | 1616 (16.1) | 2147 (18.5) | 692 (23.3) | <0.001 |
Anti-hypertensive Agents, n (%) | ||||||||||
ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 2121 (8.3) | 172 (10.1) | 479 (8.5) | 959 (8.0) | 511 (8.3) | 0.032 | 794 (7.9) | 992 (8.6) | 252 (8.5) | 0.167 |
angiotensin II receptor antagonist, n (%) | 4084 (16.0) | 262 (15.5) | 885 (15.6) | 1861 (15.6) | 1076 (17.5) | 0.006 | 1272 (12.7) | 2059 (17.8) | 586 (19.8) | <0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 6202 (24.4) | 451 (26.6) | 1497 (26.4) | 2847 (23.9) | 1407 (22.9) | <0.001 | 2356 (23.5) | 2960 (25.5) | 662 (22.3) | <0.001 |
Beta-blocker | 2361 (9.3) | 143 (8.4) | 518 (9.1) | 1097 (9.2) | 603 (9.8) | 0.306 | 744 (7.4) | 1181 (10.2) | 316 (10.7) | <0.001 |
Lipid Lowering Agents, n (%) | ||||||||||
Statins, n (%) | 5054 (19.9) | 301 (17.8) | 1045 (18.4) | 2251 (18.9) | 1457 (23.7) | <0.001 | 1662 (16.6) | 2425 (20.9) | 738 (24.9) | <0.001 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 4693 (18.4) | 292 (17.2) | 1013 (17.9) | 2169 (18.2) | 1219 (19.8) | 0.012 | 1615 (16.1) | 2334 (20.1) | 584 (19.7) | <0.001 |