Table 1 Characteristics of male or female patients illustrated by education and income levels
Variables | All patients | Education | Household net income# | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illiteracy | Primary education | Secondary education | College and above | p | <2000 | 2000–5000 | ≥5000 | p | ||
Male, n | 11,955 | 277 | 1836 | 5738 | 4104 | 3941 | 5796 | 1804 | ||
Age (y), mean ± SD | 60.9 ± 12.65 | 70.9 ± 10.76 | 67.5 ± 11.28 | 60.3 ± 11.88 | 58.2 ± 13.04 | <0.001 | 62.1 ± 11.90 | 61.1 ± 12.70 | 57.9 ± 13.53 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.8 ± 3.32 | 24.1 ± 3.36 | 24.4 ± 3.39 | 24.8 ± 3.36 | 25.1 ± 3.21 | <0.001 | 24.5 ± 3.32 | 24.9 ± 3.30 | 25.2 ± 3.34 | <0.001 |
WC (cm), mean ± SD | 87.1 ± 7.75 | 86.2 ± 8.62 | 86.2 ± 8.07 | 87.1 ± 7.70 | 87.7 ± 7.55 | <0.001 | 86.5 ± 7.73 | 87.4 ± 7.66 | 88.0 ± 7.67 | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration (y), median (IQR) | 5.8 (2.4-10.9) | 5.8 (2.5–11.0) | 5.7 (2.6–11.0) | 5.8 (2.5–11.0) | 5.8 (2.3–10.9) | 0.316 | 5.5 (2.3–10.9) | 5.9 (2.6–11.0) | 5.8 (2.3–10.9) | 0.011 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 3888 (32.5) | 74 (26.7) | 499 (27.2) | 2021 (35.2) | 1294 (31.5) | 0.007 | 1300 (33.0) | 1805 (31.1) | 647 (35.9) | 0.001 |
Alcohol consumptions, n (%) | 1944 (16.3) | 41 (14.8) | 254 (13.8) | 935 (16.3) | 714 (17.4) | 0.007 | 588 (14.9) | 953 (16.4) | 353 (19.6) | 0.001 |
Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) | 4355 (36.4) | 160 (57.8) | 763 (41.6) | 2100 (36.6) | 1332 (32.5) | <0.001 | 1399 (35.5) | 2139 (36.9) | 683 (37.9) | 0.104 |
Good medication adherence, n (%) | 10,129 (84.7) | 218 (78.7) | 1541 (83.9) | 4829 (84.2) | 3541 (86.3) | <0.001 | 3250 (82.5) | 4964 (85.6) | 1536 (85.1) | <0.001 |
Female, n | 13,499 | 1418 | 3831 | 6198 | 2025 | 6098 | 5790 | 1160 | ||
Age (y), mean ± SD | 64.0 ± 10.87 | 71.0 ± 9.34 | 67.2 ± 9.91 | 61.3 ± 10.19 | 61.1 ± 11.63 | <0.001 | 64.2 ± 10.58 | 64.1 ± 10.83 | 62.4 ± 12.13 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.8 ± 3.78 | 24.7 ± 3.67 | 24.9 ± 3.93 | 24.9 ± 3.74 | 24.6 ± 3.68 | 0.024 | 24.8 ± 3.76 | 24.9 ± 3.83 | 24.6 ± 3.56 | 0.097 |
WC (cm), mean ± SD | 78.9 ± 5.90 | 79.0 ± 6.07 | 79.0 ± 6.02 | 79.0 ± 5.71 | 78.4 ± 6.13 | 0.004 | 78.8 ± 5.93 | 79.0 ± 5.82 | 78.9 ± 5.90 | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration (y), median (IQR) | 6.8 (2.8–12.0) | 7.1 (3.0–12.2) | 7.2 (3.0-12.5) | 6.6 (2.8–11.8) | 6.7 (2.6–12.3) | <0.001 | 6.6 (2.7–11.5) | 6.9 (2.9–12.6) | 7.0 (2.9–12.9) | <0.001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 283 (2.1) | 34 (2.4) | 93 (2.4) | 136 (2.2) | 20 (1.0) | <0.001 | 145 (2.4) | 105 (1.8) | 22 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumptions, n (%) | 67 (0.5) | 10 (0.7) | 17 (0.4) | 29 (0.5) | 11 (0.5) | 0.318 | 31 (0.5) | 28 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 0.306 |
Sedentary lifestyle, n(%) | 4883 (36.2) | 728 (51.3) | 1591 (41.5) | 1976 (31.9) | 588 (28.7) | <0.001 | 2222 (36.4) | 2064 (35.6) | 438 (37.8) | 0.013 |
Good medication adherence, n (%) | 11,927 (88.4) | 1175 (82.9) | 3345 (87.3) | 5533 (89.3) | 1874 (91.3) | <0.001 | 5198 (85.2) | 5258 (90.8) | 1063 (91.6) | <0.001 |