Fig. 1

Beta-cell function as assessed from increase of C-peptide during the glucagon stimulation test (C-peptide concentration at 6 min after injection minus C-peptide concentration at baseline) (a, n = 216 patients with type 1 DM, n = 374 patients with type 2 DM), insulin sensitivity (M value) as assessed from euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp tests in patients with type 1 DM or type 2 DM (b, n = 204 patients with type 1 DM, n = 351 patients with type 2 DM), high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL, c, n = 236 patients with type 1 DM, n = 448 patients with type 2 DM), low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL, d, n = 236 patients with type 1 DM, n = 448 patients with type 2 DM), systolic blood pressure (e, n = 237 patients with type 1 DM, n = 447 patients with type 2 DM), and diastolic blood pressure (f, n = 237 patients with type 1 DM, n = 447 patients with type 2 DM)