Table 3 Hazard ratio and 95 % confidence interval of type 2 diabetes according to measures of endothelial dysfunction: CARDIA year 15–25 (2000–2001 to 2010–11)

ICAM-1

 N cases/N

21/597

41/589

59/571

101/582

 Model 1

1.00

1.73 (1.02–2.93)

2.28 (1.37–3.78)

3.20 (1.94–5.27)

 Model 2

1.00

1.47 (0.87–2.51)

1.73 (1.03–2.91)

1.94 (1.14–3.31)

 Model 3

1.00

1.37 (0.81–2.34)

1.56 (0.92–2.62)

1.72 (1.01–2.94)

 Model 4

1.00

1.31 (0.77–2.25)

1.50 (0.89–2.52)

1.64 (0.96–2.81)

E-selectin

 N cases/N

28/591

32/580

61/583

101/585

 Model 1

1.00

0.99 (0.59–1.65)

1.69 (1.07–2.66)

2.48 (1.60–3.85)

 Model 2

1.00

1.00 (0.59–1.68)

1.56 (0.97–2.49)

2.10 (1.31–3.38)

 Model 3

1.00

1.01 (0.60–1.69)

1.34 (0.84–2.15)

1.76 (1.09–2.83)

 Model 4

1.00

0.99 (0.59–1.67)

1.30 (0.81–2.09)

1.68 (1.04–2.71)

P-selectin

 N cases/N

41/575

42/590

67/592

70/574

 Model 1

1.00

0.92 (0.59–1.41)

1.38 (0.93–2.06)

1.48 (0.98–2.22)

 Model 2

1.00

0.76 (0.68–1.54)

1.02 (0.68–1.54)

0.93 (0.60–1.43)

 Model 3

1.00

0.78 (0.50–1.22)

0.96 (0.64–1.45)

0.89 (0.58–1.37)

 Model 4

1.00

0.78 (0.50–1.21)

0.93 (0.62–1.41)

0.80 (0.52–1.24)

VCAM

 N cases/N

58/489

56/497

42/502

30/494

 Model 1

1.00

1.14 (0.79–1.66)

0.86 (0.57–1.29)

0.75 (0.47–1.19)

 Model 2

1.00

1.16 (0.80–1.69)

0.87 (0.58–1.32)

0.71 (0.43–1.15

 Model 3

1.00

1.09 (0.75–1.59)

0.89 (0.59–1.34)

0.78 (0.48–1.29)

 Model 4

1.00

1.04 (0.71–1.52)

0.85 (0.56–1.28)

0.83 (0.51–1.38)

0.31