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Table 4 An overview of multivariable logistic regression: baseline characteristics associated with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and increased waist circumference (WC-ATPIII and WC-IISHMS) off target

From: LEADER 5: prevalence and cardiometabolic impact of obesity in cardiovascular high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: baseline global data from the LEADER trial

 

BMI ≥30 kg/m2

WC-ATPIII off target

WC-IISHMS off target

Odds ratio

95 % CI for OR

p value

Odds ratio

(95 % CI for OR)

p value

Odds ratio

(95 % C.I. for OR)

p value

Age (per year)

0.956

(0.949–0.964)

<0.0001

0.998

(0.988–1.007)

0.6461

1.005

(0.990–1.021)

0.5158

Gender

 Male

0.597

(0.525–0.678)

<0.0001

0.136

(0.112–0.164)

<0.0001

0.190

(0.137–0.259)

<0.0001

 Female

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Smoking status

 Current smoker

0.612

(0.517–0.724)

<0.0001

0.627

(0.516–0.764)

<0.0001

0.604

(0.453–0.813)

0.0007

 Never smoked

0.927

(0.821–1.046)

0.2189

0.797

(0.689–0.922)

0.0022

0.911

(0.724–1.148)

0.4295

 Previous smoker

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Region

 Asia

0.207

(0.137–0.314)

<0.0001

0.361

(0.240–0.543)

<0.0001

0.358

(0.199–0.625)

0.0004

 Europe

0.500

(0.430–0.579)

<0.0001

0.685

(0.569–0.823)

0.0001

0.901

(0.659–1.227)

0.5106

 Other areas

0.495

(0.426–0.576)

<0.0001

0.646

(0.536–0.777)

<0.0001

0.683

(0.504–0.925)

0.0140

 United States

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Race

 Asian

0.226

(0.159–0.317)

<0.0001

0.240

(0.168–0.341)

<0.0001

0.473

(0.290–0.803)

0.0039

 Black

0.663

(0.545–0.808)

<0.0001

0.628

(0.493–0.804)

0.0002

0.690

(0.474–1.020)

0.0565

 Other

0.598

(0.465–0.771)

0.0001

0.699

(0.521–0.944)

0.0180

0.782

(0.482–1.324)

0.3368

 Caucasian

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Ethnicity

 Hispanic or latino

0.528

(0.446–0.625)

<0.0001

0.545

(0.445–0.668)

<0.0001

1.121

(0.790–1.620)

0.5311

 Not hispanic or latino

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

0.999

(0.995–1.002)

0.4850

0.999

(0.995–1.003)

0.7628

0.995

(0.989–1.002)

0.1402

Diabetes duration per year

0.983

(0.977–0.990)

<0.0001

0.981

(0.973–0.989)

<0.0001

0.982

(0.970–0.995)

0.0051

Hypertension (>140/80 mm Hg)

 No

0.779

(0.696–0.871)

<0.0001

0.862

(0.754–0.984)

0.0281

0.862

(0.701–1.062)

0.1623

 Yes

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Blood lipids

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

0.903

(0.848–0.963)

0.0018

0.914

(0.845–0.988)

0.0234

1.029

(0.907–1.170)

0.6590

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.620

(0.511–0.752)

<0.0001

0.516

(0.411–0.646)

<0.0001

0.416

(0.303–0.574)

<0.0001

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.278

(1.192–1.370)

<0.0001

1.417

(1.298–1.548)

<0.0001

1.680

(1.438–1.974)

<0.0001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

0.998

(0.996–1.000)

0.0209

1.001

(0.998–1.003)

0.6185

1.001

(0.997–1.005)

0.5649

Albumin-creatinine ratio (per doubling)

0.994

(0.971–1.017)

0.5823

1.016

(0.989–1.044)

0.2459

1.012

(0.970–1.055)

0.5866

Number of antihypertensive drugs

 0

0.306

(0.217–0.428)

<0.0001

0.320

(0.207–0.483)

<0.0001

0.364

(0.175–0.693)

0.0037

 1

0.558

(0.411–0.751)

0.0002

0.543

(0.364–0.790)

0.0020

0.757

(0.374–1.390)

0.4013

 2

0.599

(0.443–0.801)

0.0007

0.615

(0.415–0.890)

0.0125

0.686

(0.343–1.244)

0.2484

 3

0.862

(0.627–1.175)

0.3546

0.860

(0.567–1.277)

0.4659

1.217

(0.580–2.361)

0.5793

 4

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

Pretreatment

 Insulin + OADs

1.298

(1.153–1.463)

<0.0001

1.281

(1.110–1.480)

0.0007

1.525

(1.213–1.926)

0.0003

 Insulins use

1.022

(0.826–1.266)

0.8418

1.040

(0.808–1.345)

0.7625

1.196

(0.804–1.830)

0.3931

 None/diet

1.297

(1.018–1.660)

0.0372

1.174

(0.881–1.582)

0.2821

1.208

(0.779–1.949)

0.4189

 OADs use

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

1.000

(1.000–1.000)

–

  1. The full list of variables used were age, sex, smoking status, region, race, ethnicity, CVD stratum, diabetes duration, HbA1c, hypertension, number of antihypertensive drugs, eGFR, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, albumin/creatinine ratio, statin use, hyperlipidaemia, aspirin use and number of previous antihypertensive agents. ATPIII Adult treatment panel III criteria; BMI body mass index; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IISHMS International Joint Interim Statement for the Harmonization of the Metabolic Syndrome criteria; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OADs oral antihyperglycaemic drugs; SD standard deviation; WC waist circumference
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840