Table 1 Clinical data of patients and Cox regression analysis in association with cardiovascular events
From: Incremental prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Variable | Total (n = 247) | B | HR (95 % CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | ||||
Age, years | 59.8 ± 9.5 | 0.07 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | <0.01 |
Female, n (%) | 120 (48.6) | 0.77 | 2.15 (0.80–5.76) | 0.13 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | −0.08 | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 0.20 |
SBP (mmHg) | 136.3 ± 18.7 | −0.001 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.93 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.1 ± 8.8 | −0.03 | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.33 |
Medical history | ||||
Diabetes durations, years | 13.5 ± 8.2 | 0.03 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.15 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 186 (75.3) | 1.06 | 2.90 (0.67–12.6) | 0.16 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 130 (52.6) | 1.09 | 2.96 (1.05–8.37) | 0.04 |
Smoking, n (%) | 55 (22.3) | 0.17 | 1.19 (0.39–3.64) | 0.76 |
Medication | ||||
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 134 (54.3) | 0.39 | 1.48 (0.58–3.78) | 0.42 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 105 (42.5) | 0.57 | 1.76 (0.69–4.47) | 0.23 |
B-blocker, n (%) | 55 (22.3) | 0.10 | 1.11 (0.36–3.37) | 0.86 |
Biguanides, n (%) | 210 (85.0) | −0.23 | 0.80 (0.28–2.30) | 0.67 |
Insulin (%) | 110 (44.5) | 1.09 | 2.96 (1.12–7.82) | 0.03 |
Blood chemistry | ||||
FBG (mmol/L) | 8.0 ± 2.5 | −0.26 | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.06 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 1.4 | −0.30 | 0.74 (0.49–1.13) | 0.16 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | −0.24 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) | 0.44 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | −0.16 | 0.86 (0.50–1.48) | 0.58 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.81 | 2.25 (0.79–6.37) | 0.13 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.5 ± 0.7 | −0.49 | 0.61 (0.29–1.30) | 0.20 |
Creatinine (mmol/L) | 80.2 ± 39.2 | 0.01 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.01 |