From: Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Variable | Controls (n = 84) | T2DM (n = 100) | T2DM + CVD (n = 100) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51.8 ± 5.2 | 50.9 ± 7.5 | 58.3 ± 7.2** |
Sex (male/female) | 45/39 | 57/43 | 74/26**†|
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.21 ± 4.62 | 27.59 ± 4.90* | 29.81 ± 5.55** |
SBP (mmHg) | 115.3 ± 9.6 | 131.5 ± 19.7* | 145.1 ± 22.6**†|
DBP (mmHg) | 77.6 ± 6.9 | 79.7 ± 18.0* | 90.6 ± 9.7**†|
Hypertension (%) | – | 31.4 | 94.7†|
Smokers (%) | 11.1 | 7.8 | 15.7†|
Physical activity (%) | 66.7 | 54.9 | 31.6**†|
Diabetes duration (years) | – | 8.4 ± 7.2 | 13.3 ± 7.4†|
Dyslipidemia (%) | – | 72.5 | 92.1†|
Glucose (mg/dL) | 85 ± 9.5 | 147.1 ± 64.1* | 161 ± 66.2** |
HbA1c (%) | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 1.2* | 6.6 ± 1.3** |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 118.3 ± 31.1 | 145.6 ± 72* | 164.5 ± 66.2** |
TC (mg/dL) | 175.7 ± 16 | 192.1 ± 48.4* | 212.7 ± 47.9**†|
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104.7 ± 7 | 118.22 ± 38.9* | 123 ± 43.7** |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.9 ± 9.7 | 49.2 ± 11.2* | 43.9 ± 11.8**†|
VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 17.1 ± 24.2 | 29.1 ± 14.4* | 39.6 ± 22.9**†|
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 121.14 ± 15.9 | 147.8 ± 44.9* | 162.7 ± 47.7*†|
TC/HDL-C | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 1.2* | 4.5 ± 1.2** |