Table 1 Comparisons of demographic data between participants with and without metabolic syndrome
Total (n = 175) | MetS (+) (n = 91) | MetS (−) (n = 84) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 65.1 ± 12.9 | 65.6 ± 12.3 | 64.6 ± 13.5 | 0.600 |
Gender, woman | 100 (57.1 %) | 52 (57.1 %) | 48 (57.1 %) | 1.000 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 55 (31.4 %) | 47 (51.6 %) | 8 (9.5 %) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 128 (73.1 %) | 67 (73.6 %) | 61 (72.6 %) | 0.881 |
Taking Beta-blockers or ACEi/ARB | 56 (32.0 %) | 30 (33.0 %) | 26 (31.0 %) | 0.775 |
Hypotension | 32 (18.3 %) | 13 (14.3 %) | 19 (22.6 %) | 0.154 |
Taking midodrine | 16 (9.1 %) | 8 (8.8 %) | 8 (9.5 %) | 0.867 |
Heart failure | 43 (24.6 %) | 22 (24.2 %) | 21 (25.0 %) | 0.899 |
Coronary artery disease | 43 (24.6 %) | 27 (29.7 %) | 16 (19.0 %) | 0.103 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (13.1 %) | 13 (14.3 %) | 10 (11.9 %) | 0.641 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 13 (7.4 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 8 (9.5 %) | 0.310 |
Causes of uremia | <0.001 | |||
Diabetic nephropathy | 55 (31.4 %) | 47 (51.6 %) | 8 (9.5 %) | |
Hypertension | 2 (1.1 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 1 (1.2 %) | |
Chronic GN | 92 (52.6 %) | 35 (38.5 %) | 57 (67.9 %) | |
PCKD | 11 (6.3 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 6 (7.1 %) | |
Chronic IN | 4 (2.3 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (3.6 %) | |
Others | 11 (6.3 %) | 2 (2.2 %) | 9 (10.7 %) | |
Baseline data | ||||
Waist Circumference, cm | 86.1 ± 11.0 | 90.1 ± 11.2 | 81.1 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
Cardio-Thoracic Ratio, % | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.611 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen, mg/dL | 74.7 ± 20.1 | 73.9 ± 19.5 | 75.6 ± 20.7 | 0.578 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 10.9 ± 4.3 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | 0.163 |
Kt/V | 1.43 ± 0.24 | 1.37 ± 0.23 | 1.50 ± 0.23 | <0.001 |
Urea Reduction Ratio, % | 78.4 ± 54.8 | 81.5 ± 75.4 | 75.1 ± 10.1 | 0.441 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 9.1 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.7 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 0.851 |
Phosphate, mg/dL | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 0.155 |
Calcium × Phosphate, (mg/dL)2 | 44.6 ± 15.7 | 46.1 ± 14.3 | 43.0 ± 16.9 | 0.192 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.097 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 0.159 |
i-PTH, ug/L | 285.5 ± 481.1 | 204.7 ± 242.9 | 373.1 ± 637.5 | 0.025 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.7 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.4 | 0.793 |
Hematocrit, % | 30.2 ± 4.2 | 30.0 ± 4.1 | 30.4 ± 4.3 | 0.492 |
White blood cell, ×109/L | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 6.2 ± 2.4 | 0.532 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 163.0 ± 35.5 | 167.8 ± 36.1 | 157.9 ± 34.3 | 0.066 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 157.8 ± 132.0 | 208.0 ± 142.0 | 103.5 ± 94.5 | <0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 98.1 ± 30.3 | 105.2 ± 30.5 | 90.5 ± 28.3 | 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 35.6 ± 18.7 | 25.0 ± 11.6 | 47.2 ± 18.1 | <0.001 |
Sugar (postprandial), mg/dL | 148.2 ± 54.9 | 160.5 ± 65.5 | 134.9 ± 36.2 | 0.001 |
Glycated hemoglobin, % | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 0.331 |
At the index HD | ||||
Dry weight, kg | 57.6 ± 29.6 | 63.5 ± 39.6 | 51.4 ± 7.9 | 0.007 |
Actual UF, kg | 2.22 ± 0.94 | 2.34 ± 0.92 | 2.10 ± 0.96 | 0.083 |
%UF, % | 4.02 ± 1.65 | 3.97 ± 1.55 | 4.07 ± 1.76 | 0.680 |
MAP-0, mmHg (MAP-1) | 90.5 ± 17.0 | 93.1 ± 16.9 | 87.7 ± 16.7 | 0.036 |
SBP-0, mmHg (SBP-1) | 129.0 ± 26.1 | 134.2 ± 23.6 | 123.4 ± 27.7 | 0.006 |
DBP-0, mmHg (DBP-1) | 71.7 ± 13.0 | 73.4 ± 13.2 | 70.0 ± 12.6 | 0.081 |
MAP-1, mmHg (MAP-2) | 89.9 ± 17.2 | 91.3 ± 17.6 | 88.3 ± 16.8 | 0.255 |
SBP-1, mmHg (SBP-2) | 125.8 ± 28.6 | 128.2 ± 27.6 | 123.2 ± 29.6 | 0.254 |
DBP-1, mmHg (DBP-2) | 70.8 ± 15.9 | 72.2 ± 16.0 | 69.3 ± 15.7 | 0.237 |
HR-1,/min (HR-1) | 74.1 ± 6.5 | 74.1 ± 6.2 | 74.1 ± 6.9 | 0.990 |
MAP-2, mmHg (MAP-3) | 87.5 ± 16.6 | 87.4 ± 17.5 | 87.8 ± 15.6 | 0.870 |
SBP-2, mmHg (SBP-3) | 123.1 ± 26.1 | 122.4 ± 27.8 | 123.9 ± 24.2 | 0.703 |
DBP-2, mmHg (DBP-3) | 70.2 ± 12.4 | 70.7 ± 12.4 | 69.7 ± 12.5 | 0.628 |
HR-2,/min (HR-2) | 75.2 ± 8.2 | 74.5 ± 7.7 | 75.9 ± 8.7 | 0.625 |
MAP-3, mmHg (MAP-4) | 88.5 ± 16.3 | 89.0 ± 17.5 | 88.0 ± 14.9 | 0.706 |
SBP-3, mmHg (SBP-4) | 125.7 ± 24.5 | 126.3 ± 24.7 | 125.0 ± 24.5 | 0.714 |
DBP-3, mmHg (DBP-4) | 70.7 ± 11.8 | 71.8 ± 11.7 | 69.5 ± 12.0 | 0.213 |
HR-3,/min (HR-3) | 75.6 ± 8.2 | 75.4 ± 7.4 | 75.9 ± 9.1 | 0.728 |