Lower-extremity amputation as a marker for renal and cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with long standing type 1 diabetes

Table 2 Clinical outcomes during follow-up by history of LEA at baseline

	Clinical outcomes during follow-up
	ESRD		Myocardial infarction		Stroke
	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
LEA at baseline
No	644 (93.1 %)	48 (6.9 %)	697 (95.5 %)	33 (4.5 %)	698 (97.1 %)	21 (2.9 %)
Yes	44 (86.3 %)	7 (13.7 %)	43 (72.9 %)	16 (27.1 %)	51 (91.1)	5 (8.9 %)
HR (95 % CI) model 1	2.69 (1.17–6.20)		3.53 (1.79–6.97)		1.76 (0.60–5.14)
P	0.02		0.0001		0.29
HR (95 % CI) model 2	2.49 (1.02–6.06)		3.21 (1.50– 6.85)		1.28 (0.37–4.43)
P	0.04		0.003		0.69
SHR (95 % CI) model 3	2.41 (1.04–5.87)		3.16 (1.53–6.52)		1.49 (0.46–4.84)
P	0.04		0.002		0.50

Data expressed as number of cases and (%) by line. Hazards ratio (HR) for a positive LEA history at baseline as a risk for ESRD, myocardial infarction and stroke during follow-up, computed by Cox proportional hazards survival regressive analysis. Model 1: adjusted for cohort membership, sex and age at baseline. Model 2: adjusted for cohort membership, sex, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy at baseline (risk for ESRD analysis), plus UAC and eGFR (risk for myocardial infarction and stroke analyses). Diabetic retinopathy was coded as an ordinal polytomic covariate: non-Proliferative (2), pre-Proliferative (3), proliferative (4). Subhazard ratio (SHR) for a positive LEA history at baseline as a risk for ESRD, myocardial infarction and stroke during follow-up, assuming death as a competing risk. SHR computed by competing risk regression analysis, adjusted for cohort membership, sex and age at baseline
p < 0.05 is significant

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