Fig. 2
From: Insulin treatment increases myocardial ceramide accumulation and disrupts cardiometabolic function
Ceramide inhibition prevents insulin-induced mitochondrial disruption. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with insulin (INS; 50 nM) with or without myriocin (MYR; 10 μM), an inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis, for the times indicated (n = 6). To measure mitochondrial respiration (a), cells were treated with: GM L , Glutamate (10 mM) + Malate (2 mM); GM D : + ADP (2.5 mM); GMS D , + Succinate (10 mM); GMS F , + FCCP (0.05 μM). Respiratory control ratio (RCR; b), Complex II Factor (c), and uncoupling control ratio (UCR; d) were determined by the analysis indicated. *P < 0.05 for condition vs. control (PBS)