The soluble guanylate cyclase activator cinaciguat prevents cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of type-1 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Basic hemodynamic data of the study groups

Variable	Co	CoCin	DiabCo	DiabCin	P_diabetes	P_treatment	P_interaction
HR (beats/min)	231 ± 11	246 ± 12	208 ± 8*	204 ± 10*	0.003	0.608	0.351
MAP (mmHg)	80.0 ± 2.0	81.0 ± 3.5	63.7 ± 2.5*	64.4 ± 3.1*	<0.001	0.845	0.969
LVSP (mmHg)	99.5 ± 2.6	103.5 ± 2.1	85.5 ± 1.3*	82.3 ± 2.3*	<0.001	0.858	0.102
SW (mmHg µl)	14,561 ± 1060	13,293 ± 948	9789 ± 592*	12,032 ± 1067	0.003	0.611	0.072
CO (µl/min)	42,347 ± 2472	41,306 ± 2804	33,360 ± 2162	38,605 ± 4288	0.057	0.484	0.297
EF (%)	70.42 ± 2.50	68.17 ± 2.70	58.09 ± 2.54*	68.02 ± 2.56	0.021	0.146	0.024
dP/dt_max (mmHg/s)	6539 ± 240	6804 ± 188	4933 ± 207*	4785 ± 230*	<0.001	0.791	0.350
dP/dt_min (mmHg/s)	−6135 ± 362	−6570 ± 446	−3883 ± 133*	−3723 ± 248*	<0.001	0.679	0.374
LVEDP (mmHg)	7.0 ± 0.6	7.2 ± 0.4	9.7 ± 0.7*	6.8 ± 0.3†	0.026	0.082	0.034
Tau (Weiss; ms)	10.3 ± 0.3	10.1 ± 0.3	17.3 ± 0.8*	14.9 ± 0.6*†	<0.001	0.016	0.054

Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximal left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure (LVSP), stroke work (SW), cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), maximal slope of systolic pressure increment (dP/dt_max) and diastolic pressure decrement (dP/dt_min), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and time constant of LV pressure decay (Tau) are shown. Groups: vehicle-treated controls (Co), cinaciguat-treated controls (CoCin), vehicle-treated diabetic (DiabCo) and cinaciguat-treated diabetic (DiabCin) animals. Values are mean ± SEM of 9–11 experiments per group
* P < 0.05 vs. Co
^†P < 0.05 vs. DiabCo (Tukey HSD test)

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