Altered myocardial response in patients with diabetic retinopathy: an exercise echocardiography study

Table 3 Exercise echocardiography and treadmill parameters in patients with and without retinopathy

Parameters	No retinopathy	Retinopathy	P value
Parameters	N = 91	N = 43	P value
Exercise echocardiography
LVEF (%)
Rest	59.7 ± 5.0	58.1 ± 6.0	0.12
Exercise	64.5 ± 6.3	61.9 ± 6.6	0.03
∆	4.9 ± 7.0	3.8 ± 7.3	0.41
E/A ratio
Rest	0.94 ± 0.26	0.89 ± 0.55	0.45
Exercise	1.01 ± 0.37	0.93 ± 0.50	0.33
∆	0.07 ± 0.43	0.04 ± 0.73	0.78
E/E′ ratio
Rest	7.5 ± 2.4	8.8 ± 3.6	0.02
Exercise	7.8 ± 2.2	9.7 ± 4.9	<0.01
∆	0.3 ± 2.3	1.0 ± 4.1	0.27
GLS (%)
Rest	−18.3 ± 2.0	−17.2 ± 2.3	<0.01
Exercise	−19.7 ± 2.3	−17.5 ± 2.5	<0.01
∆	−1.4 ± 1.8	−0.3 ± 2.0	<0.01
DFRI	35.2 ± 22.0	22.8 ± 19.2	<0.01
Treadmill parameters
HR rest	82.3 ± 12.8	86.3 ± 14.2	0.10
HR exercise	154.1 ± 16.8	146.4 ± 21.0	0.02
HR reserve (bmp)	71.9 ± 17.5	61.5 ± 17.6	<0.01
HR reserve (%)	91.1 ± 31.2	73.6 ± 24.6	<0.01
METs	8.3 ± 2.9	7.1 ± 2.7	0.03

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%)
DFRI diastolic function reserve index, HR heart rate, METs metabolic equivalents of task

ISSN: 1475-2840