Plasma leptin level is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: HSCAA study

Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of factors associated with HRV parameters in 100 patients with diabetes

Variables	log (SDNN)				log (SDANN5)
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Age	−0.187	−0.170	−0.215	−0.204	−0.166	−0.149	−0.193	−0.180
Gender (female = 0, male = 1)	−0.040	0.005	−0.190	−0.146	−0.038	0.006	−0.177	−0.132
Hypertension (absence = 0, presence = 1)	−0.103	−0.040	−0.023	−0.010	−0.119	−0.059	−0.044	−0.031
Dyslipidemia (absence = 0, presence = 1)	−0.136	−0.127	−0.110	−0.111	−0.141	−0.133	−0.117	−0.118
eGFR	−0.140	−0.118	−0.152	−0.141	−0.106	−0.085	−0.118	−0.106
HbA1c	−0.117	−0.071	−0.096	−0.080	−0.096	−0.051	−0.076	−0.059
Duration of DM	−0.250^†	−0.286^†	−0.264^†	−0.277^†	−0.244^†	−0.278^†	−0.257^†	−0.270^†
VFA		−0.233^†		−0.096		−0.227^†		−0.101
log (leptin)			−0.333^†	−0.279^†			−0.312^†	−0.254^†
Adjusted r²	0.100	0.140	0.179	0.176	0.089	0.126	0.156	0.153
p value	0.018	0.005	0.001	0.001	0.028	0.008	0.002	0.004

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, DM diabetes mellitus, VFA visceral fat area, SDNN standard deviation of NN(RR) interval, SDANN5 standard deviation of average NN(RR) intervals for each 5-min period, HRV heart rate variability
^†Denotes p value <0.05

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