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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with and without diabetes

From: Plasma leptin level is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: HSCAA study

Variables

DM (n = 100)

NDM (n = 100)

p value

Age (years)

62.9 ± 9.3

62.9 ± 9.5

0.988

Gender (male/female)

62/38

62/38

 

BMI (kg/m2)

26.1 ± 4.7

23.3 ± 3.3

<0.001

Hypertension (yes/no)

71/29

59/41

0.075

Dyslipidemia (yes/no)

72/28

59/41

0.053

Past CVD events (yes/no)

21/79

17/83

0.762

Smoker (yes/no)

32/68

20/80

0.053

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

85.0 ± 24.9

76.4 ± 16.0

0.004

FPG (mg/dl)

132.9 ± 36.7

94.5 ± 10.4

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.2 ± 1.3

5.3 ± 0.4

<0.001

Duration of DM (years)

10.4 ± 9.0

  

Diabetic neuropathy (yes/no)

48/52

  

Diabetic nephropathy (normo-/micro-/macro-)

78/19/3

  

Anti-diabetes agents

 Sulfonylurea (%)

30

  

 Metformin (%)

35

  

 Pioglitazone (%)

11

  

 DPP4 inhibitor (%)

33

  

 α-glucosidase inhibitor (%)

9

  

 GLP1 analogue (%)

2

  

 Insulin (%)

19

  

VFA (cm2)

105.2 ± 47.9

78.3 ± 44.6

<0.001

SFA (cm2)

165.3 ± 93.1

129.8 ± 74.1

0.003

log (leptin) (ng/mL)

0.81 ± 0.41

0.73 ± 0.41

0.166

log (sOb-R) (ng/mL)

1.35 ± 0.13

1.33 ± 0.14

0.214

log (SDNN) (ms)

2.02 ± 0.14

2.05 ± 0.12

0.184

log (SDANN5) (ms)

1.97 ± 0.14

1.99 ± 0.13

0.309

  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and number for dichotomous variables
  2. Plasma leptin and sOb-R levels, and all HRV parameters (CVRR, SDNN, SDANN5, HRV triangular index) were natural logarithm-transformed (log) to achieve a normal distribution. P values shown are for comparisons of the means of 2 groups (unrepeated t-test) or percentages (Chi square test)
  3. BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FPG fasting plasma glucose, DM diabetes mellitus, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, GLP1 glucagon-like peptide 1, VFA visceral fat area, SFA subcutaneous fat area, normo- normal albuminuria, micro- microalbuminuria, macro- macro-albuminuria, sOb-R soluble leptin receptor, SDNN standard deviation of NN(RR) interval, SDANN5 standard deviation of average NN(RR) intervals for each 5-min period