Lack of correlation between the optimal glycaemic control and coronary micro vascular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study

Table 1 T2DM patients basal characteristics

	Control n 214	T2DM n 100	p value
Age (year)	49 (41–58)	54 (48–61)	<0.001
BSA (m²)	1.82 ± 0.21	2.06 ± 0.25	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26.19 ± 5.37	34.32 ± 7.48	<0.001
Female sex (%)	76.9	61.0	<0.01
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.34
GFR c–c (ml/min)	86.7 (69.5–107.1)	112.5 (85.8–144.2)	<0.001
GFR MRDR (ml/min)	73.3 (65.4–86.6)	74.1 (62.1–88.9)	0.96
Risk factors and CAD history (%)
Current smoker	11.2	9.0	0.69
Hypertension	34.2	69.7	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	46.9	78.9	<0.001
Postmenopausal	35.2	44.4	0.11
CAD family history	60.5	57.0	0.43
Inflammatory markers
Lpa (mg/dl)	11.0 (7.0–25.0)	13.5 (7–35.7)	0.16
hsCrP (mg/l)	0.4 (0.2–1.1)	1.0 (0.4–3.8)	<0.001
Homocysteine (µmol/l)	7.0 (6.0–9.0)	8.0 (6.0–10.0)	0.15
Coronary epicardial and microvascular function
CFR	2.9 (2.5–3.3)	2.8 (2.3–3.5)	0.71
CRF < 2.5 (%)	27.2 %	35.0 %	0.18
CBF%Ach	63.3 (9.4–131.4)	25.2 (−20.5 to 68.8)	<0.001
CBFAch < 50 % (%)	41.3 %	62.0 %	<0.001
CLD%Ach	–7.7 (−18.7 to 0.0)	−11.4 (−27.1 to 3.1)	<0.05
CLDAch < 20 % (%)	21.6 %	32.0 %	0.051
CBFbasal	50.2 (34.0–73.5)	52.6 (37.8–72.6)	0.42
LVEDP (mmHG)	13.5 (11.0–23.0)	17.0 (13.0–26.0)	<0.001
Medication (%)
BBlockers	24.4	41.0	<0.01
CC blockers	36.0	32.0	0.52
Nitrates	32.2	45.0	<0.05
ASA	50.7	64.0	<0.05
ACE/ARB inhibitor	17.8	34.0	<0.01
Lipid lowering	33.8	59.0	<0.001

BMI body mass index, BSA body surface area, GFR c–c Cockroft–Gault glomerular filtrate rate, CAD coronary artery disease, Lpa lipoprotein A, hsCrP high sensitive C reactive protein, CFR coronary flow reserve, CMD coronary microvascular dysfunction, CFR < 2.5 independent CMD, CBF%Ach percentage of increase in CBF after intracoronary acetylcholine infusion, CBFAch < 50 % dependent CMD, CLD%Ach percentage of increase in coronary lumen diameter after intracoronary acetylcholine infusion, CLDAch < 20 % epicardial endothelial dysfunction, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, CC blockers calcium channel blocker, ASA acetylsalicylic acid, ACE/ARB inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin inhibitor.

ISSN: 1475-2840