Long-term effects of the multidisciplinary risk assessment and management program for patients with diabetes mellitus (RAMP-DM): a population-based cohort study

Table 4 Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression in all endpoints

	RAMP-DM vs Control				Harrell’s C-statistic
	HR^†	SE	95 % CI	P value	Harrell’s C-statistic
RAMP-DM subjects vs control subjects (all subjects, N = 18,188)
CVD	0.629	0.041	(0.554, 0.715)	<0.001	0.75 (0.73,0.76)
CHD	0.570	0.056	(0.470, 0.691)	<0.001	0.74 (0.72,0.76)
Stroke	0.652	0.059	(0.546, 0.780)	<0.001	0.76 (0.74,0.78)
Heart failure	0.598	0.090	(0.446, 0.802)	0.001	0.87 (0.85,0.90)
All-cause mortality	0.363	0.030	(0.308, 0.428)	<0.001	0.82 (0.80,0.83)
RAMP-DM subjects vs control subjects (baseline HbA1c <7 %, N = 8,540)
CVD	0.592	0.055	(0.494, 0.711)	<0.001	0.74 (0.72,0.76)
CHD	0.553	0.075	(0.423, 0.722)	<0.001	0.75 (0.71,0.78)
Stroke	0.553	0.075	(0.425, 0.720)	<0.001	0.75 (0.72,0.78)
Heart failure	0.680	0.136	(0.459, 1.006)	0.054	0.88 (0.85,0.91)
All-cause mortality	0.415	0.046	(0.335, 0.515)	<0.001	0.81 (0.79,0.83)
RAMP-DM subjects vs control subjects (baseline HbA1c 7–8.5 %, N = 7,047)
CVD	0.703	0.074	(0.572, 0.864)	0.001	0.75 (0.73,0.77)
CHD	0.650	0.108	(0.470, 0.899)	0.009	0.75 (0.71,0.79)
Stroke	0.779	0.111	(0.590, 1.029)	0.079	0.77 (0.74,0.80)
Heart failure	0.455	0.124	(0.267, 0.776)	0.004	0.88 (0.84,0.92)
All-cause mortality	0.292	0.043	(0.219, 0.389)	<0.001	0.83 (0.80,0.85)
RAMP-DM subjects vs control subjects (baseline HbA1c ≥8.5 %, N = 2,257)
CVD	0.576	0.109	(0.397, 0.836)	0.004	0.79 (0.75,0.83)
CHD	0.450	0.132	(0.254, 0.799)	0.006	0.75 (0.68,0.81)
Stroke	0.624	0.164	(0.373, 1.043)	0.072	0.85 (0.81,0.88)
Heart failure	0.664	0.294	(0.279, 1.581)	0.355	0.86 (0.78,0.94)
All-cause mortality	0.303	0.085	(0.175, 0.525)	<0.001	0.84 (0.79,0.88)

Adjusted for the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.
AIC Akaike information criterion, BIC Bayesian information criterion, CHD coronary heart disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, SE standard error and HbA1c hemoglobin A1c.
^†HR >1 indicates greater risk for endpoints.

ISSN: 1475-2840