Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics
Overall (n = 72) | Tertile 1 (MAGE <49.1) (n = 24) | Tertile 2 (49.1 ≤ MAGE <85.3) (n = 24) | Tertile 3 (85.3 ≤ MAGE) (n = 24) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.9 ± 11.3 | 69.2 ± 12.0 | 71.1 ± 9.8 | 69.5 ± 12.3 | 0.82 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 24.5 ± 2.4 | 24.0 ± 3.9 | 0.64 |
Male | 58 (80.6) | 19 (79.2) | 19 (79.2) | 20 (83.3) | 0.91 |
DM | 36 (50.0) | 6 (25.0) | 11 (45.8) | 19 (79.2) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 53 (73.6) | 19 (79.2) | 16 (66.7) | 18 (75.0) | 0.61 |
Dyslipidemia | 60 (83.3) | 18 (75.0) | 22 (91.7) | 20 (83.3) | 0.30 |
Smoking | 49 (68.1) | 15 (62.5) | 16 (66.7) | 18 (75.0) | 0.52 |
Current | 19 (26.4) | 6 (25.0) | 12 (50.0) | 9 (37.5) | |
Former (quit >3 months) | 30 (41.7) | 9 (37.5) | 4 (16.7) | 9 (37.5) | |
Prior myocardial infarction | 14 (19.4) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (20.8) | 5 (20.8) | 0.92 |
Prior PCI | 33 (45.8) | 11 (45.8) | 12 (50.0) | 14 (58.3) | 0.85 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.5 ± 11.4 | 124.1 ± 11.2 | 121.4 ± 10.5 | 119.1 ± 12.4 | 0.32 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 64.7 ± 9.0 | 64.2 ± 8.7 | 66.3 ± 9.3 | 63.5 ± 9.1 | 0.55 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 59.8 ± 9.6 | 57.5 ± 12.8 | 60.8 ± 8.7 | 61.1 ± 5.9 | 0.37 |
Duration of DM (years) | 3.7 ± 7.7 | 0 | 3.5 ± 6.7 | 7.4 ± 10.5 | 0.003 |
HbA1c (NGSP) (%) | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
1,5-AG (μg/mL) | 15.8 ± 8.4 | 20.6 ± 10.2 | 15.5 ± 6.0 | 10.8 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
Glycoalbumin (%) | 16.2 ± 3.5 | 14.6 ± 1.7 | 15.1 ± 2.7 | 19.2 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
75-g OGTT | |||||
Fasting PG (mg/dL) | 101 ± 23 | 89 ± 10 | 106 ± 29 | 107 ± 22 | 0.009 |
2-h PG (mg/dL) | 206 ± 78 | 159 ± 45 | 209 ± 65 | 255 ± 90 | <0.001 |
Fasting IRI (μU/mL) | 6.9 ± 5.9 | 6.9 ± 5.3 | 9.0 ± 7.7 | 4.6 ± 3.0 | 0.044 |
2-h IRI (μU/mL) | 83.6 ± 65.7 | 94.9 ± 59.9 | 92.0 ± 71.1 | 59.8 ± 62.6 | 0.156 |
HOMA R | 1.8 ± 2.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 3.5 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.056 |
HOMA β | 82.5 ± 72.6 | 109.5 ± 95.0 | 83.3 ± 48.8 | 50.9 ± 53.8 | 0.024 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 155.3 ± 27.9 | 161.8 ± 30.3 | 149.0 ± 21.3 | 154.9 ± 30.8 | 0.29 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 88.7 ± 19.1 | 88.5 ± 17.5 | 87.2 ± 17.4 | 90.4 ± 22.6 | 0.84 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.9 ± 11.3 | 46.1 ± 11.8 | 44.2 ± 11.0 | 47.5 ± 11.4 | 0.61 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 124.8 ± 57.9 | 125.8 ± 68.8 | 128.7 ± 51.4 | 119.8 ± 54.5 | 0.87 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.21 ± 0.33 | 0.14 ± 0.23 | 0.18 ± 0.24 | 0.30 ± 0.47 | 0.25 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.93 ± 0.28 | 0.91 ± 0.21 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | 1.00 ± 0.38 | 0.30 |
Medication on admission | |||||
Aspirin | 57 (79.2) | 19 (79.2) | 20 (83.3) | 18 (75.0) | 0.78 |
Thienopyridine | 32 (44.4) | 10 (41.7) | 10 (41.7) | 12 (50.0) | 0.80 |
Statin | 54 (75.0) | 17 (70.8) | 20 (83.3) | 17 (70.8) | 0.51 |
EPA | 3 (4.2) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.35 |
Ezetimibe | 5 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.005 |
Fibrate | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 0.13 |
ACE-I/ARB | 40 (55.6) | 12 (50.0) | 13 (54.2) | 15 (62.5) | 0.75 |
Beta-blocker | 26 (36.1) | 7 (29.2) | 9 (37.5) | 10 (41.7) | 0.64 |
Insulin | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.5) | 0.044 |
Metformin | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 5 (20.8) | 0.022 |
SU | 9 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 7 (29.2) | 0.007 |
α-GI | 5 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 3 (12.5) | 0.22 |
DPP4-I | 12 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (20.8) | 7 (29.2) | 0.020 |
Variables measured by the continuous glucose monitoring system | |||||
MAGE (mg/dL) | 70 ± 31 | 38 ± 8 | 66 ± 10 | 106 ± 19 | <0.001 |
Mean BG (mg/dL) | 132 ± 29 | 116 ± 9 | 127 ± 25 | 153 ± 35 | <0.001 |
Max BG (mg/dL) | 212 ± 55 | 165 ± 22 | 210 ± 48 | 262 ± 41 | <0.001 |
Min BG (mg/dL) | 77 ± 28 | 78 ± 14 | 72 ± 28 | 79 ± 36 | 0.70 |
Time in hyperglycemia (hours) | 19.0 ± 15.4 | 7.6 ± 6.3 | 18.30 ± 14.8 | 31.6 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
Time in hypoglycemia (hours) | 1.4 ± 2.7 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 4.0 | 0.023 |