The association between glycemic variability and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 4 Binary logistic regression analysis for the associations between parameters of glycemic variability and the presence of CAN

Long-term GV	OR (95 % CI)	p value	Short-term GV	OR (95 % CI)	p value
SD of HbA1c			SD of glucose
Crude	14.33 (3.45–59.48)	<0.001	Crude	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.002
Model 1	16.09 (3.55–73.00)	<0.001	Model 1	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.010
Model 2	9.31 (1.91–45.42)	0.028	Model 2	1.02 (0.99–1.05)	0.205
Model 3	12.10 (2.29–63.94)	0.003	Model 3	1.02 (0.99–1.05)	0.216
Adjusted SD of HbA1c			MAGE
Crude	21.22 (4.24–106.30)	<0.001	Crude	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.064
Model 1	23.54 (4.28–129.69)	<0.001	Model 1	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.145
Model 2	13.39 (2.25–79.82)	0.004	Model 2	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.676
Model 3	17.02 (2.66–108.86)	0.003	Model 3	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.781
Log CV of HbA1c			CV of glucose
Crude	19.90 (3.47–113.69)	0.001	Crude	1.07 (1.02–1.12)	0.009
Model 1	23.88 (3.77–151.52)	0.001	Model 1	1.07 (1.01–1.13)	0.014
Model 2	16.72 (2.43–115.04)	0.004	Model 2	1.06 (1.01–1.13)	0.028
Model 3	24.00 (3.09–186.48)	0.002	Model 3	1.07 (1.01–1.13)	0.033

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex and duration of diabetes. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for mean HbA1c over 2 years. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for medication (insulin, oral anti-diabetic drug, aspirin, beta-blocker, ARB/ACE inhibitor) and smoking status
CAN cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, SD standard deviation, MAGE mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, CV coefficient of variance

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