Study§
|
Intervention
|
Primary; secondary CV outcomes§§
|
Events (n) treatment
|
Events (%) treatment
|
Rate (%.year-1) treatment
|
Events (n) control
|
Events (%) control
|
Rate (%.year-1) control
|
HR
|
95 % CI for HR
|
P
|
---|
4D
|
statin
|
C; D + J
|
226
|
36.5
|
9.13
|
243
|
38.2
|
9.55
|
0.96
|
0.77-1.1
|
0.37
|
4S
|
statin
|
A
|
182
|
8.2
|
1.52
|
256
|
11.5
|
2.13
|
0.71
|
0.58-0.85
|
0.0003
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
A
|
15
|
14.3
|
2.65
|
24
|
24.7
|
4.58
|
0.58
|
NR
|
0.087
|
ACCORD-Lipid
|
fibrate
|
C; J + D
|
291
|
10.5
|
2.24
|
310
|
11.3
|
2.40
|
0.93
|
0.79-1.08
|
0.32
|
ADDITION-Europe
|
statin/other
|
B; D + J + M + Z
|
121
|
7.2
|
1.36
|
117
|
8.5
|
1.60
|
0.85
|
0.65-1.05
|
0.12
|
AFCAPS/TexCAPS
|
statin
|
C; E
|
116
|
3.5
|
0.68
|
183
|
5.5
|
1.07
|
0.63
|
0.50-0.79
|
<0.001
|
AIM-HIGH
|
niacin
|
C; G + J + H + M
|
282
|
16.4
|
5.47
|
274
|
16.2
|
5.39
|
1.02
|
0.87-1.21
|
0.8
|
AleCardio
|
PPAR-α/γ
|
C; D + J
|
344
|
9.5
|
4.76
|
360
|
10.0
|
4.99
|
0.95
|
0.83-1.11
|
0.57
|
ALERT
|
statin
|
C; G + J + M
|
112
|
10.7
|
2.09
|
134
|
12.7
|
2.50
|
0.84
|
0.64-1.06
|
0.14
|
ALLHAT-LLT
|
statin
|
A
|
631
|
12.2
|
2.54
|
641
|
12.4
|
2.58
|
0.99
|
0.89-1.11
|
0.88
|
Alpha-Omega
|
n-3 fatty acids
|
B
|
336
|
14.0
|
4.11
|
335
|
13.8
|
4.05
|
1.02
|
0.87-1.17
|
0.93
|
ASCOT-LLA
|
statin
|
J + G
|
100
|
1.9
|
0.59
|
154
|
3.0
|
0.91
|
0.65
|
0.50-0.83
|
0.0005
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
B
|
116
|
9.2
|
2.79
|
151
|
11.9
|
3.59
|
0.78
|
0.61-0.98
|
0.04
|
ASPEN
|
statin
|
C; D + J + M + O + L
|
166
|
13.7
|
3.43
|
180
|
15.0
|
3.75
|
0.91
|
0.73-1.12
|
0.34
|
AURORA
|
statin
|
C; J + D
|
396
|
28.5
|
7.50
|
408
|
29.5
|
7.76
|
0.97
|
0.84-1.11
|
0.59
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
C; G + J
|
85
|
21.9
|
7.82
|
104
|
30.3
|
10.83
|
0.72
|
0.51-0.90
|
0.008
|
BIP
|
fibrate
|
C; K + J + P
|
211
|
13.6
|
2.20
|
232
|
15.0
|
2.43
|
0.91
|
NR
|
0.26
|
CARDS
|
statin
|
C; H + M + T
|
83
|
5.8
|
1.49
|
127
|
9.0
|
2.31
|
0.65
|
0.48-0.83
|
0.001
|
CARE
|
statin
|
G + J
|
212
|
10.2
|
2.04
|
274
|
13.2
|
2.64
|
0.77
|
0.09-0.36
|
0.003
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
G + J + M
|
81
|
28.7
|
5.74
|
112
|
36.8
|
7.37
|
0.78
|
NR
|
<0.0001
|
CDP (clofibrate)
|
fibrate
|
A
|
281
|
25.5
|
4.11
|
709
|
25.4
|
4.10
|
1.00
|
NR
|
NR
|
CDP (niacin)
|
niacin
|
A
|
273
|
24.4
|
3.93
|
709
|
25.4
|
4.10
|
0.96
|
0.85-1.08
|
NR
|
dal-OUTCOMES
|
CETP inhibitor
|
C; G + J + L + O
|
656
|
8.3
|
3.20
|
633
|
8.0
|
3.09
|
1.04
|
0.93-1.16
|
0.52
|
DIS
|
fibrate
|
E
|
32
|
8.4
|
1.69
|
31
|
8.1
|
1.62
|
1.04
|
NR
|
NR
|
FIELD
|
fibrate
|
C; B + D + I + M
|
256
|
5.2
|
1.05
|
288
|
5.9
|
1.18
|
0.89
|
0.75-1.05
|
0.16
|
GISSI-Prevenzione
|
statin
|
C; A + I
|
120
|
5.6
|
2.77
|
136
|
6.4
|
3.15
|
0.88
|
0.71-1.15
|
0.41
|
GREACE
|
statin
|
C; A + J + L + Q + M
|
112
|
12.7
|
4.24
|
180
|
25.0
|
8.33
|
0.51
| |
<0.0001
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
C; A + J + L + Q + M
|
20
|
12.4
|
4.14
|
46
|
30.3
|
10.09
|
0.41
|
NR
|
<0.0001
|
HATS
|
statin + niacin§§§
|
R + B; D + J + M
|
7
|
9.6
|
3.20
|
12
|
35.3
|
11.76
|
0.27
|
NR
|
0.02
|
HHS
|
fibrate
|
C; K + J + G
|
56
|
2.7
|
0.55
|
84
|
4.1
|
0.83
|
0.66
|
0.08-0.53
|
<0.02
|
diabetes substudy
|
fibrate
|
C; K + J + G
|
2
|
3.4
|
0.68
|
8
|
10.5
|
2.11
|
0.32
|
NR
|
0.19
|
HPS - MRC/BHF
|
statin
|
C; A + G
|
1328
|
12.9
|
2.59
|
1507
|
14.7
|
2.94
|
0.88
|
0.81-0.94
|
0.0003
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
E + B
|
601
|
20.2
|
4.20
|
748
|
25.1
|
5.22
|
0.81
|
0.19-0.30
|
<0.0001
|
HPS2-THRIVE
|
niacin
|
C; G + M
|
1696
|
13.2
|
3.39
|
1758
|
13.7
|
3.51
|
0.96
|
0.90-1.03
|
0.29
|
IDEAL
|
statin
|
C; G + J + O
|
411
|
9.3
|
1.93
|
463
|
10.4
|
2.17
|
0.89
|
0.78-1.01
|
0.07
|
ILLUMINATE
|
CETP inhibitor
|
C; G + J + L
|
464
|
6.2
|
6.16
|
373
|
5.0
|
4.95
|
1.24
|
1.09-1.44
|
0.001
|
JELIS
|
n-3 fatty acids
|
E; P; I; L; M; A
|
262
|
2.8
|
0.61
|
324
|
3.5
|
0.76
|
0.81
|
0.69-0.95
|
0.01
|
LEADER
|
fibrate
|
E
|
150
|
19.2
|
4.95
|
160
|
20.4
|
5.20
|
0.95
|
0.76-1.21
|
0.72
|
LIPID
|
statin
|
G
|
287
|
6.4
|
1.04
|
373
|
8.3
|
1.36
|
0.77
|
0.12-0.35
|
<0.001
|
LIPS
|
statin
|
C; G + J + M
|
181
|
21.4
|
5.50
|
222
|
26.7
|
6.83
|
0.80
|
0.64-0.95
|
0.01
|
MEGA
|
statin
|
C; I + L + M + P
|
66
|
1.7
|
0.32
|
101
|
2.5
|
0.48
|
0.67
|
0.49-0.91
|
0.01
|
ORIGIN
|
n-3 fatty acids
|
D; D + J + U; A; I; T; M + W; Q; L; Z
|
574
|
9.1
|
1.47
|
581
|
9.3
|
1.50
|
0.98
|
0.87-1.10
|
0.72
|
PERFORM
|
antiplatelet
|
D; I
|
1091
|
11.4
|
4.83
|
1062
|
11.1
|
4.71
|
1.03
|
0.94-1.12
|
NS
|
Post-CABG
|
statin
|
C; D + J + M
|
207
|
30.6
|
4.08
|
271
|
40.1
|
5.35
|
0.76
|
NR
|
0.04
|
PREDIMED
|
TMD
|
C; D + I
|
179
|
3.6
|
0.80
|
109
|
4.4
|
1.12
|
0.71
| | |
PROACTIVE
|
glitazone
|
C; A + J + H + M
|
514
|
19.7
|
6.80
|
572
|
21.7
|
7.49
|
0.91
|
0.80-1.02
|
0.1
|
PROFIT-J
|
glitazone
|
C; A + J
|
9
|
3.8
|
2.09
|
10
|
4.0
|
2.20
|
0.95
|
0.427-2.593
|
0.91
|
PROSPER
|
statin
|
C; G + J
|
408
|
14.1
|
4.41
|
473
|
16.2
|
5.07
|
0.87
|
0.74-0.97
|
0.01
|
RPS
|
n-3 fatty acids
|
D
|
733
|
11.7
|
2.35
|
745
|
11.9
|
2.38
|
0.99
|
0.88-1.08
|
0.64
|
SHARP
|
statin/ezetimibe
|
C; J + G + M
|
526
|
11.3
|
2.31
|
619
|
13.4
|
2.73
|
0.84
|
0.74-0.94
|
0.0021
|
STABILITY
|
Lp-PLA2-inhibitor
|
C; D + J + U
|
769
|
9.7
|
2.62
|
819
|
10.4
|
2.80
|
0.94
|
0.85-1.03
|
0.2
|
STENO-2
|
statin/fibrate
|
A
|
24
|
30.0
|
2.26
|
40
|
50.0
|
3.76
|
0.60
|
0.32-0.89
|
0.02
|
TNT
|
statin
|
C; G + J + O + T
|
434
|
8.7
|
1.77
|
548
|
10.9
|
2.23
|
0.79
|
0.69-0.89
|
<0.001
|
diabetes substudy
|
statin
|
C; G + J + O + T
|
103
|
13.7
|
2.79
|
135
|
18.0
|
3.68
|
0.76
|
0.58-0.97
|
0.026
|
VA Cooperative Study
|
fibrate
|
A + B
|
22
|
8.2
|
4.56
|
30
|
11.4
|
6.31
|
0.72
|
0.43-1.22
|
NR
|
VA-HIT
|
fibrate
|
C; J + G
|
219
|
17.3
|
3.40
|
275
|
21.7
|
4.26
|
0.80
|
0.07-0.35
|
0.006
|
diabetes substudy
|
fibrate
|
C; J + G
|
96
|
25.5
|
4.99
|
141
|
36.0
|
7.05
|
0.71
|
0.53-0.88
|
0.004
|
Total (n)
| | |
16156
| | |
18445
| | | | | |
Mean
| | | |
12.2
|
3.0
| |
14.8
|
3.6
|
0.85
| | |
-
§: see legend to Table 1 for study acronyms definition; §§: see Table 2 for CV outcomes definition; §§§: ±antioxidants; CETP: cholesteryl ester transfer protein; CI: confidence interval; CV: cardiovascular; HR: hazard ratio; LpPLA2: lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; NR: not reported; NS: non significant; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TMD: traditional Mediterranean diet