Table 1 Baseline characteristics and biochemical assessments in type 2 diabetic patients

Male, n (%)

108 (75.0)

37 (60.7)

0.039

Age, years

64.8 ± 10.3

65.3 ± 9.1

0.728

Body mass index, Kg/m²

25.5 ± 3.4

24.9 ± 3.1

0.262

Smoking, n (%)

50 (34.7)

11 (18.0)

0.017

Hypertension (%)

110 (76.4)

37 (60.7)

0.022

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

140 ± 19

139 ± 20

0.572

Diastolic blood pressure,mmHg

81 ± 12

81 ± 11

0.603

Dyslipidemia history, n (%)

57 (39.6)

23 (37.7)

0.801

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.82 ± 1.09

1.75 ± 0.96

0.671

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.3 ± 1.2

4.4 ± 1.0

0.753

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.01 ± 0.24

1.13 ± 0.22

0.001

LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

2.63 ± 0.93

2.56 ± 0.76

0.616

Lipoprotein (a), g/L

0.27 ± 0.25

0.28 ± 0.26

0.666

Apoprotein A, g/L

1.20 ± 0.19

1.23 ± 0.20

0.310

Apoprotein B, g/L

0.91 ± 0.26

0.88 ± 0.20

0.460

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

81 ± 17

75 ± 14

0.011

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

92.3 ± 24.4

96.8 ± 23.6

0.228

Uric acid, μmol/L

342 ± 89

325 ± 83

0.199

Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L

6.79 ± 2.00

6.02 ± 1.33

0.001

HbA1c, %

7.81 ± 1.07

6.89 ± 0.75

<0.001

hsCRP, mg/L

6.20 ± 3.24

5.21 ± 2.42

0.040

Extent index

0.48 ± 0.13

0.27 ± 0.08

<0.001

Cumulative coronary stenosis score

2.17 ± 0.71

0.92 ± 0.42

<0.001

Relative intensity of apoA-I glycation, %

8.27 ± 2.09

5.69 ± 1.42

<0.001

 Serum PON1 activity

78.46 ± 16.94

86.01 ± 17.36

0.004

 HDL-associated PON1 activity

41.43 ± 14.64

92.19 ± 33.42

<0.001

 Serum PON3 activity

32.15 ± 5.33

39.2 ± 6.62

<0.001

 HDL-associated PON3 activity

26.06 ± 12.66

64.58 ± 22.44

<0.001

 Insulins

51 (35.4)

11 (18.0)

0.013

 Metformin

70 (48.6)

31 (50.8)

0.772

 Sulphonylurea

41 (28.5)

25 (41.0)

0.080

 α-Glucosidase

40 (27.8)

18 (29.5)

0.801

 Statin

107 (74.3)

43 (70.5)

0.573

 ACE inhibitor/ARB

88 (61.1)

37 (60.7)

0.951

 β-blocker

82 (56.9)

34 (55.7)

0.873

 Calcium channel blocker

73 (50.7)

39 (63.9)

0.082

 Antiplatelet

107 (74.3)

36 (59.0)

0.029