Table 1 Clinical, Hemodynamic, and Echocardiographic Characteristics of Patients
|  | All Patients (n = 112) | Patients with DN (n = 41) | Patients without DN (n = 71) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical Data | Â | |||
Age, years | 59 ± 14 | 61 ± 15 | 59 ± 12 | 0.40 |
Female, n (%) | 60(54) | 17(41) | 43(61) | 0.08 |
Height, m | 1.60 ± 0.96 | 1.62 ± 0.10 | 1.59 ± 0.09 | 0.06 |
Weight, kg | 63 ± 15 | 66 ± 18 | 61 ± 18 | 0.12 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 24 ± 5 | 25 ± 6 | 24 ± 4 | 0.48 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125 ± 18 | 126 ± 16 | 124 ± 18 | 0.51 |
Heart rate, bpm | 73 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | 72 ± 10 | 0.09 |
Rate Pressure Product, bpm*mmHg | 9132 ± 1938 | 9501 ± 1770 | 8925 ± 1997 | 0.12 |
Type 2 DM, n (%) | 87(78) | 33(80) | 54(76) | 0.64 |
DM duration, years | 11 ± 9 | 15 ± 9 | 9 ± 8 | 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 55(49) | 20(49) | 35(49) | 1.00 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 71(63) | 28(68) | 43(61) | 0.54 |
Smoking, n (%) | 24(21) | 8(20) | 16(23) | 0.81 |
Retinopathy, n (%) | 42(38) | 22(54) | 20(28) | 0.009 |
Biochemistry and Urinary Exam | Â | |||
HbA1c, % | 8.6 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 2.4 | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 0.75 |
Glycoalbumin, % | 23.9 ± 9.1 | 24.9 ± 10.5 | 23.4 ± 8.1 | 0.42 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 105 ± 35 | 101 ± 37 | 107 ± 34 | 0.41 |
Triglyceride, mg/dl | 135 ± 73 | 130 ± 65 | 138 ± 77 | 0.55 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 74 ± 23 | 68 ± 23 | 77 ± 22 | 0.048 |
Albuminuria, mg/day | 10(4–31) | 15(6–117) | 7(3–21) | 0.007 |
Medical treatment | Â | |||
CCB, n (%) | 27(24) | 7(17) | 20(28) | 0.25 |
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 45(40) | 17(41) | 28(39) | 0.83 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 8(7) | 2(5) | 6(8) | 0.71 |
Statin, n (%) | 51(46) | 24(59) | 27(38) | 0.049 |
Insulin, n (%) | 65(58) | 26(63) | 39(55) | 0.43 |
DPP-4I, n (%) | 46(41) | 20(49) | 26(37) | 0.24 |
GLP-1RA, n (%) | 12(11) | 5(12) | 7(10) | 0.76 |
Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 23(21) | 8(20) | 15(21) | 1.00 |
αGI, n (%) | 22(20) | 11(27) | 11(15) | 0.22 |
Thiazolidine, n (%) | 13(12) | 7(17) | 6(8) | 0.22 |
Metformin, n (%) | 50(45) | 20(49) | 30(42) | 0.56 |