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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of T2DM stratified by the GGT1 genotype at baseline

From: Interactive effects of a common γ-glutamyltransferase 1 variant and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol on diabetic macro- and micro-angiopathy

 

A/A (n = 219)

A/G (n = 120)

G/G (n = 13)

P -value

Female (%)

33.3

35.0

46.2

0.61

Age (years)

59.1 ± 10.5

61.6 ± 11.7

60.0 ± 10.6

0.13

BMI (kg/m2)

24.3 ± 3.9

24.0 ± 3.4

24.1 ± 2.9

0.72

Diabetes duration (years)

10.7 ± 8.2

10.7 ± 8.8

10.8 ± 6.2

1.00

HbA1c (%)

8.4 ± 2.0

8.3 ± 2.0

8.1 ± 2.0

0.66

Systolic BP (mmHg)

139.5 ± 19.5

137.9 ± 21.3

143.4 ± 17.2

0.57

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

83.4 ± 11.4

81.8 ± 12.9

85.9 ± 9.7

0.31

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 2.3

1.8 ± 1.9

0.50

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

1.00

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.2 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 0.6

0.90

AST (IU/L)

24.8 ± 9.7

27.1 ± 14.2

25.2 ± 8.4

0.22

ALT (IU/L)

26.6 ± 16.4

30.2 ± 27.2

27.7 ± 11.6

0.31

GGT (IU/L)

36.6 ± 33.1

42.2 ± 36.8

43.6 ± 24.1

0.31

Log GGT (IU/L)

1.47 ± 0.30

1.51 ± 0.30

1.57 ± 0.26

0.08

Hypertension (%)

60.3

59.2

76.9

0.50

Dyslipidemia (%)

68.8

70.8

38.5

0.07

Ever smoker (%)

45.4

41.2

33.3

0.70

Alcohol intake (%)

51.4

46.7

38.5

0.52

Therapy components

    

Hypoglycemic agents

    

Oral hypoglycemic agents (%)

64.1

65.5

53.8

0.72

Insulin (%)

23.0

19.3

30.8

0.52

Antihypertensive agents

    

ACE inhibitors or ARBs(%)

20.3

16.0

7.7

0.44

Others(%)

23.5

26.9

23.1

0.77

Agents for hyperlipidemia

    

Fibrates(%)

0.9

0.8

7.7

0.15

Statins(%)

8.3

6.7

0.0

0.70

Others (%)

0.9

1.7

0.0

0.67

  1. Data are percentages or mean ± standard deviation.
  2. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.