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Dyslipidemia (cholesterol) medication (statins)
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Simvastatin (Zocor®) and Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)
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Improve clot permeability and clot structure and enhanced fibrin clot lysis [109-113].
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An increase in glycolysis metabolite concentrations and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat RBCs [114].
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Increased erythrocyte fluidity [115,116] and deformability [100,117].
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Reversed alteration in RBC plasma membrane properties, including lipid peroxidation [101,118].
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Blood sugar control
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Antihyperglycemic drug dimethylbiguanide (Metformin®/Glucophage®)
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Improves clot structure and hypercoagulability [119,120],
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Improves clot lyses [121,122].
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Actraphane® (mixture of fast-acting insulin and long-acting insulin)
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No evidence of any influence on RBCs or fibrin clot structure/fibrinolysis.
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Actrapid® (human soluble insulin)
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Humulin® (70% human insulin isophane suspension and 30% human insulin injection [rDNA origin])
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Protophane® (intermediate-acting insulin)
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Hypertension control
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Coversyl® (active ingredient is perindopril arginine which is a angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor)
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No evidence of any influence on RBCs or fibrin clot structure/fibrinolysis.
|
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Amlodopine® (calcium channel blockers)
|
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Carvedilol® (beta and alpha adrenoceptor blocker with antioxidant activity)
|
Improves the endothelial fibrinolytic activity [123].
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Scavenger effect on free radical generator-induced RBC membrane damage [124] and enhances antioxidant defense mechanisms in RBCs [125].
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Adalat® ((nifedipine) calcium channel blocker)
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Antithrombotic activity exhibitor [126] and improves fibrinolytic activity [127,128].
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Anti-clotting medication
|
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Aspirin® (acetylsalicylic acid)
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Aspirin increases fibrin clot porosity and susceptibility to lysis [111]; antiplatelet effect [129-131];
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Disprin® (brand name for Aspirin)
|
increase the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide in erythrocytes [129] perturbing RBC bilayer structures [132].
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Reduce risk of thrombosis [133-137].
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Irreversible inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 [138].
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