Table 2 Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cardiac structure, function and metabolism

Cardiac structure

Left ventricular mass (g)

102 ± 26

114 ± 31

108 ± 28

0.581

Left ventricular mass indexed (g/m²)

55 ± 12

59 ± 11

53 ± 12

0.273

Wall thickness diastole (mm)

7 ± 1

8 ± 1*

6 ± 2*^†

0.000

Wall thickness systole (mm)

12 ± 2

14 ± 3*

12 ± 3

0.016

Eccentricity ratio (g/ml)

0.89 ± 0.2

1.12 ± 0.2*

1.05 ± 0.3*

0.004

End-diastolic volume indexed (ml/m²)

64 ± 18

54 ± 14

52 ± 14

0.039

End-systolic volume indexed (ml/m²)

27 ± 9

21 ± 9

21 ± 10

0.63

Systolic function

Heart rate (bpm)

59 ± 9

61 ± 9

65 ± 9

0.178

Stroke volume (ml)

70 ± 19

64 ± 12

64 ± 17

0.437

Stroke index (ml/m²)

38 ± 10

33 ± 5

31 ± 7*

0.034

Cardiac output (L/min)

4.0 ± 0.8

3.8 ± 0.6

4.0 ± 0.9

0.754

Ejection fraction (%)

59 ± 5

63 ± 8

61 ± 10

0.332

Longitudinal shortening (%)

16.6 ± 2.8

14.2 ± 2.7

13.7 ± 4*

0.017

Arterial elastance

3.32 ± 0.85

4.07 ± 0.78*

4.38 ± 1.05*

0.004

Ventricular elastance

5.04 ± 2.05

7.62 ± 3.22*

7.72 ± 4.08*

0.011

Ventricular-arterial coupling

1.50 ± 0.35

1.82 ± 0.60

1.75 ± 0.72

0.263

Diastolic function

Early filling percentage (%)

69 ± 11

65 ± 11

57 ± 9*

0.003

E/A

1.9 ± 1.4

1.6 ± 1.3

0.9 ± 0.4*

0.015

Early diastolic filling rate (ml/s)

312 ± 121

265 ± 95

244 ± 76

0.105

Late diastolic filling rate (ml/s)

203 ± 73

212 ± 70*

288 ± 99*

0.009

Strain and torsion

Peak endocardial circumferential strain (%)

22 ± 5

28 ± 4*

24 ± 5^†

0.001

Peak whole wall circumferential strain (%)

17 ± 3

19 ± 2

16 ± 4^†

0.012

Peak torsion (°)

6.6 ± 1.8

6.9 ± 2.2

8.0 ± 2.5

0.127

Torsion recoil rate (%/ms)

0.25 ± 0.12

0.17 ± 0.12

0.27 ± 0.1^†

0.017

Torsion to shortening ratio

0.51 ± 0.15

0.44 ± 0.13

0.58 ± 0.16^†

0.019

Metabolism

PCr/ATP ratio

1.9 ± 0.3

1.8 ± 0.3

1.8 ± 0.3

0.543