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Figure 6 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Figure 6

From: Liraglutide attenuates high glucose-induced abnormal cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the GLP-1 receptor, and inhibiting ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Figure 6

High glucose (HG) increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, and decreased cell apoptosis in cultures via activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. (A) VSMC proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8. (B) Representative photomicrographs showing migration of VSMCs in the Transwell migration assay (200× magnification). The relative amounts of migrating cells in all groups are presented. (C) Representative photomicrographs showing the migrating cells in the scratch wound assay. (D) Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry, with the lower right and upper right quadrants representing early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells, respectively. These values were quantified, and the total apoptotic rate is the sum of the early and late apoptotic rates. Data from three independent experiments are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; * p < 0.01 vs. control; # p < 0.01 vs. HG. OD = optical density.

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840