Variable | All | Visceral fat accumulation | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(+) group | (−) group | |||
n (Males/Females) | 75 (41/34) | 53 (32/21) | 22 (9/13) | 0.14** |
Age (years) | 64.8 ± 11.5 | 63.0 ± 12.7 | 69.1 ± 6.2 | 0.09+ |
Body weight (kg) | 69.2 ± 19.7 | 75.8 ± 19.5 | 53.1 ± 7.2 | <0.001 + |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 5.8 | 28.5 ± 5.4 | 21.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 + |
Waist circumferences (cm), all | 94.2 ± 13.2 | 100.0 ± 11.5 | 81.3 ± 6.7 | <0.001 + |
Males | 95 ± 14.4 | 99.4 ± 12.9 | 79.3 ± 5.1 | <0.001 + |
Females | 93.3 ± 11.9 | 100.0 ± 9.1 | 82.7 ± 7.5 | <0.001 + |
eVFA (cm2), all | 136.7 ± 7.8 | 164.4 ± 60.0 | 70.0 ± 21.0 | <0.001 + |
Males | 151.4 ± 73.0 | 174.2 ± 66.0 | 70.7 ± 18.7 | < 0.001 + |
Females | 118.9 ± 55.5 | 149.4 ± 46.9 | 69.5 ± 23.3 | < 0.001 + |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 14.6 ± 10.5 | 12.7 ± 9.1 | 19.1 ± 12.4 | 0.04 + |
Diabetic retinopathy | n = 19 (25%) | 11 (21%) | 8 (36%) | 0.24* |
Diabetic nephropathy | n = 23 (31%) | 18 (34%) | 3 (14%) | 0.27* |
Hypertension | n = 56 (75%) | 39 (74%) | 17 (77%) | 1.00* |
Dyslipidemia | n = 58 (77%) | 45 (85%) | 13 (59%) | 0.03 * |
Metabolic syndrome | n = 52 (69%) | 52 (98%) | - |  |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.1 ± 15.5 | 129.6 ± 15.6 | 124.5 ± 14.8 | 0.20# |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.9 ± 12.0 | 75.3 ± 12.0 | 70.7 ± 11.4 | 0.12# |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 150.1 ± 47.0 | 153.0 ± 49.0 | 142.9 ± 42.0 | 0.44+ |
HbA1c (NGSP) (%) | 8.7 ± 1.7 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 0.33+ |
serum C-peptide (ng/ml) | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.005 + |
T-Cho (mg/dl) | 190.2 ± 40.5 | 194.0 ± 44.4 | 181.1 ± 27.8 | 0.35+ |
TG (mg/dl) | 170.7 ± 233.8 | 199.3 ± 273.4 | 103.1 ± 40.1 | 0.001 + |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 105.6 ± 33.2 | 108.4 ± 36.0 | 99.0 ± 24.8 | 0.20# |
HDL-C (mg/dl), all | 50.2 ± 14.6 | 46.5 ± 12.4 | 58.9 ± 15.9 | 0.003 # |
UA (mg/dl) | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 0.03 # |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 72.9 ± 19.6 | 73.9 ± 21.3 | 70.5 ± 15.1 | 0.42+ |
uACR (mg/gCr) | 67.8 ± 147.8 | 72.6 ± 167.4 | 56.1 ± 84.0 | 0.97+ |
CCA max IMT (mm) | 1.80 ± 0.80 | 1.75 ± 0.79 | 1.92 ± 0.82 | 0.39+ |
CCA mean IMT (mm) | 0.98 ± 0.30 | 0.99 ± 0.32 | 0.98 ± 0.25 | 0.89+ |
Medications | Â | Â | Â | Â |
for diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sulfonylureas | n = 36 (48%) | 26 (49%) | 10 (45%) | 0.81* |
Glinides | n = 6 (8%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (9%) | 1.00* |
Biguanides | n = 24 (32%) | 18 (34%) | 6 (27%) | 0.79* |
Alpha-GIs | n = 14 (19%) | 8 (15%) | 6 (27%) | 0.33* |
Thiazolidinediones | n = 6 (8%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (9%) | 1.00* |
DPP-4 inhibitors | n = 22 (29%) | 17 (32%) | 5 (23%) | 0.58* |
Insulin | n = 15 (20%) | 10 (19%) | 5 (23%) | 0.76* |
GLP-1 analogs | n = 8 (11%) | 7 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 0.42* |
for hypertension | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ACEI/ARBs | n = 37 (49%) | 26 (49%) | 11 (50%) | 1.00* |
for dyslipidemia | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Statins | n = 37 (49%) | 26 (49%) | 11 (50%) | 1.00* |