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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Systemic arteriosclerosis and eating behavior in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation

Variable

All

Visceral fat accumulation

P value

(+) group

(−) group

n (Males/Females)

75 (41/34)

53 (32/21)

22 (9/13)

0.14**

Age (years)

64.8 ± 11.5

63.0 ± 12.7

69.1 ± 6.2

0.09+

Body weight (kg)

69.2 ± 19.7

75.8 ± 19.5

53.1 ± 7.2

<0.001 +

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.4 ± 5.8

28.5 ± 5.4

21.3 ± 2.3

<0.001 +

Waist circumferences (cm), all

94.2 ± 13.2

100.0 ± 11.5

81.3 ± 6.7

<0.001 +

Males

95 ± 14.4

99.4 ± 12.9

79.3 ± 5.1

<0.001 +

Females

93.3 ± 11.9

100.0 ± 9.1

82.7 ± 7.5

<0.001 +

eVFA (cm2), all

136.7 ± 7.8

164.4 ± 60.0

70.0 ± 21.0

<0.001 +

Males

151.4 ± 73.0

174.2 ± 66.0

70.7 ± 18.7

< 0.001 +

Females

118.9 ± 55.5

149.4 ± 46.9

69.5 ± 23.3

< 0.001 +

Duration of diabetes (years)

14.6 ± 10.5

12.7 ± 9.1

19.1 ± 12.4

0.04 +

Diabetic retinopathy

n = 19 (25%)

11 (21%)

8 (36%)

0.24*

Diabetic nephropathy

n = 23 (31%)

18 (34%)

3 (14%)

0.27*

Hypertension

n = 56 (75%)

39 (74%)

17 (77%)

1.00*

Dyslipidemia

n = 58 (77%)

45 (85%)

13 (59%)

0.03 *

Metabolic syndrome

n = 52 (69%)

52 (98%)

-

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

128.1 ± 15.5

129.6 ± 15.6

124.5 ± 14.8

0.20#

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73.9 ± 12.0

75.3 ± 12.0

70.7 ± 11.4

0.12#

Glucose (mg/dl)

150.1 ± 47.0

153.0 ± 49.0

142.9 ± 42.0

0.44+

HbA1c (NGSP) (%)

8.7 ± 1.7

8.8 ± 1.7

8.5 ± 1.9

0.33+

serum C-peptide (ng/ml)

2.2 ± 1.7

2.5 ± 1.8

1.4 ± 0.7

0.005 +

T-Cho (mg/dl)

190.2 ± 40.5

194.0 ± 44.4

181.1 ± 27.8

0.35+

TG (mg/dl)

170.7 ± 233.8

199.3 ± 273.4

103.1 ± 40.1

0.001 +

LDL-C (mg/dl)

105.6 ± 33.2

108.4 ± 36.0

99.0 ± 24.8

0.20#

HDL-C (mg/dl), all

50.2 ± 14.6

46.5 ± 12.4

58.9 ± 15.9

0.003 #

UA (mg/dl)

5.5 ± 1.5

5.7 ± 1.6

5.0 ± 1.1

0.03 #

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

72.9 ± 19.6

73.9 ± 21.3

70.5 ± 15.1

0.42+

uACR (mg/gCr)

67.8 ± 147.8

72.6 ± 167.4

56.1 ± 84.0

0.97+

CCA max IMT (mm)

1.80 ± 0.80

1.75 ± 0.79

1.92 ± 0.82

0.39+

CCA mean IMT (mm)

0.98 ± 0.30

0.99 ± 0.32

0.98 ± 0.25

0.89+

Medications

    

for diabetes

    

Sulfonylureas

n = 36 (48%)

26 (49%)

10 (45%)

0.81*

Glinides

n = 6 (8%)

4 (8%)

2 (9%)

1.00*

Biguanides

n = 24 (32%)

18 (34%)

6 (27%)

0.79*

Alpha-GIs

n = 14 (19%)

8 (15%)

6 (27%)

0.33*

Thiazolidinediones

n = 6 (8%)

4 (8%)

2 (9%)

1.00*

DPP-4 inhibitors

n = 22 (29%)

17 (32%)

5 (23%)

0.58*

Insulin

n = 15 (20%)

10 (19%)

5 (23%)

0.76*

GLP-1 analogs

n = 8 (11%)

7 (13%)

1 (5%)

0.42*

for hypertension

    

ACEI/ARBs

n = 37 (49%)

26 (49%)

11 (50%)

1.00*

for dyslipidemia

    

Statins

n = 37 (49%)

26 (49%)

11 (50%)

1.00*

  1. Data are mean ± SD [minimum-maximum], or number of subjects (frequency (%)). eVFA; estimated visceral fat area, BP; blood pressure, NGSP; National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, T-Cho; total cholesterol, TG; triglyceride, LDL-C; LDL cholesterol, HDL-C; HDL cholesterol, UA; uric acid, eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate, uACR; urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CCA; common carotid artery, IMT; intima-media thickness, Alpha-GI; alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, DPP-4; dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1; glucagon-like peptide-1, ACEI; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB; angiotensin II receptor blocker. **Fisher’s exact test (males vs females), +; Mann-Whitney’s U test ((+) group vs (−) group), *Fisher’s exact test ((+) group vs (−) group), #; Welch’s t-test ((+) group vs. (−) group).