Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study population grouped by ADMA tertile
| Â | Tertile I | Tertile II | Tertile III | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 90 | n = 90 | n = 90 | P value | |
Age (years) | 63 ± 12 | 68 ± 11 | 70 ± 11 | < 0.01 |
Gender (men,%) | 73 (81) | 67 (74) | 73 (81) | 0.51 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 27 ± 3 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 4 | 0.45 |
Hypertension (%) | 78 (87) | 71 (79) | 76 (84) | 0.39 |
Smoking (%) | 22 (24) | 16 (18) | 15 (17) | 0.40 |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 40 (44) | 40 (44) | 40 (44) | 1.00 |
CAD (%) | 66 (73) | 69 (77) | 76 (84) | 0.18 |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Total | 166 ± 31 | 163 ± 35 | 157 ± 31 | 0.19 |
   HDL-Cholesterol | 40 ± 11 | 40 ± 8 | 41 ± 14 | 0.13 |
   LDL-Cholesterol | 100 ± 27 | 101 ± 31 | 93 ± 25 | 0.82 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 167 ± 92 | 155 ± 96 | 166 ± 102 | 0.68 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | <0.01 |
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 79 ± 28 | 70 ± 30 | 57 ± 33 | <0.01 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 137 ± 54 | 139 ± 51 | 136 ± 42 | 0.90 |
ADMA (μmol/l) | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | <0.01 |
SDMA (μmol/l) | 0.60 ± 0.18 | 0.69 ± 0.25 | 0.99 ± 0.60 | <0.01 |
L-arginine (μmol/l) | 80 ± 26 | 89 ± 28 | 94 ± 32 | 0.01 |
L-arginine/ADMA | 216 ± 72 | 197 ± 64 | 169 ± 57 | <0.01 |
HbA1c | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 8.0 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.4 | 0.50 |
Hypoglycemic treatments | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Sulfaurea (%) | 42 (47) | 47 (52) | 49 (46) | 0.65 |
 Metformin (%) | 63 (70) | 48 (53) | 48 (53) | 0.04 |
 TZD (%) | 6 (7) | 6 (7) | 6 (7) | 1.0 |
 Acarbose (%) | 12 (13) | 14 (16) | 3 (7) | 0.16 |
 Insulin (%) | 16 (18) | 23 (26) | 28 (31) | 0.11 |
 Insulin + OHA (%) | 6 (7) | 11 (12) | 6 (7) | 0.35 |