Figure 3
From: Exenatide can inhibit calcification of human VSMCs through the NF-kappaB/RANKL signaling pathway
Exenatide-inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of human CVSMCs can be regulated by NF-κB inhibitor and RANKL activator. A, B) Human CVSMCs were treated with exenatide (2 nM), 1,25 VitD3 (10-7 M), and BAY11-7082 (10 μM) for 48 h. ALP, OC and Runx2 protein expressions were detected by Western blot. GAPDH was used as the loading control Bars represent meanmean ± SD. #P < 0.001 between two indicated groups. N = 5. C) Human CVSMCs were treated with various agents for 15 days. The calcification was visualized by Alizarin Red S staining. Magnificationmean ± 200. D) Quantification of Alizarin red S staining. The dye was extracted and quantified as described in the Method section. Bars represent meanmean ± SD. #P < 0.001 between two indicated groups. N = 5.