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Figure 3 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Figure 3

From: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against diabetic lipoapoptosis

Figure 3

Palmitate-induced increase of phophorylated p38 MAPK is reduced by metformin treatment. Cells were incubated in the presence or absence of metformin (500 μM), with or without palmitate (125 μM), for the indicated time points. (A) Phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK after 60 min, 30 min and 15 min. (B) Phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK after 24 h, 16 h and 4 h. (C) Phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK in the presence or absence of metformin (500 μM), AICAR (200 μM) and Compound C (10 μM) after 24 h. (D and E) Phosphorylation levels of JNK p46 kDa and p55 kDa after 24 h, 16 h and 4 h. Bars represent mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. palmitate with Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks. n =7 (A), n = 5 (B, D, E), n = 4 (C).

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