Skip to main content
Figure 2 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Figure 2

From: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against diabetic lipoapoptosis

Figure 2

AMPK is activated by metformin and palmitate over time and AMPK activation restores palmitate-induced eNOS dysfunction. Cells were incubated in the presence or absence of metformin (500 μM), with or without palmitate (125 μM), for the indicated time points. (A) Time course showing phosphorylation levels of AMPK after 60 min, 30 min and 15 min. (B) Time course showing phosphorylation levels of AMPK after 24 h, 16 h and 4 h. (C) Phosphorylation levels of eNOS after 60 min, 30 min and 15 min. (D) Phosphorylation levels of eNOS after 24 h, 16 h and 4 h. (E) Phosphorylation levels of eNOS in the presence or absence of metformin (500 μM), AICAR (200 μM) and Compound C (10 μM) after 24 h. Bars represent mean ±; SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control with Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks (A, B) or one-way ANOVA (C, D, E), # p < 0.05 vs. palmitate with one-way ANOVA. n =7 (A, C), n = 5 (B) n = 6 (D), n = 4 (E).

Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840