Figure 6

GW3965 attenuated diabetes-induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress. a-c. GW3965 attenuated oxidative stress in the myocardial tissues. a. Myocardial oxidative stress was measured by confocal microscopy with in situ dihydroethidium stain (n =5-6, scale bar 25 μm). b. NADPH oxidase activity was determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (n =6-11). c. NADPH oxidase gp^91phox gene expression was determined by real-time PCR (n =6). Results were normalized against GAPDH and converted to fold induction relative to db/+ mice. d-f. GW3965 attenuated nitrative stress in the myocardial tissues. d. Myocardial nitrative stress was assessed via nitrotyrosine levels determined by immunohistochemistry (n =5-6, scale bar 25 μm). e. Myocardial nitrotyrosine content was determined by ELISA analysis (n =6-11). f. iNOS gene expression was determined by real-time PCR (n =6). Results were normalized against GAPDH and converted to fold induction relative to db/+ mice. *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 vs db/+ group; ^#P < 0.05 or ^##P < 0.01 vs db/db group. Abbreviations: GW, GW3965; RLU, relative light units; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.