Aortic reservoir characteristics and brain structure in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; a cross sectional study

Table 4 Multivariable analysis of resting hemodynamics and gray matter volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy participants

Brain MRI variable	Independent variable	β unstandardized (95% CI)	β standardized	P value	Model adjusted R²
T2DM
Gray matter/total intracranial volume	Aortic pulse wave velocity	-0.007 (-0.014, -0.050^-2)	-0.47	0.036	0.16
	Age	-0.001 (-0.002, 0.001)	-0.15	0.44
	Sex	0.006 (-0.019, -0.030)	0.088	0.64
	24ABPM daytime systolic BP	2.94^-5 (-0.001, 0.001)	0.013	0.94
	Heart rate	0.001 (-0.001, 0.001)	0.18	0.28
Healthy
Gray matter/total intracranial volume	Excess pressure integral	0.60^-4 (-0.119^-3, -0.200^-5)	-0.23	0.043	0.68
	Age	-0.020 (-0.002, -0.001)	-0.49	<0.001
	Sex	-0.028 (-0.039, -0.018)	-0.55	<0.001
	24ABPM daytime systolic BP	4.30^-5 (-0.390^-3, 0.477^-3)	0.021	0.84
	Heart rate	0.32^-4 (-0.001, 0.001)	-0.010	0.93
White matter lesion/total intracranial volume	Augmentation index	5.91^-5 (0.9^-5, 0.12^-3)	0.52	0.021	0.16
	Age	2.01^-5 (0.29^-4, 0.7^-4)	0.14	0.41
	Sex	0.28^-3 (-0.001, 0.001)	0.12	0.57
	24ABPM daytime systolic BP	-0.10^-4 (-0.39^-4, 0.22^-4)	-0.093	0.58
	Heart rate	9.17^-6 (-0.41^-4, 0.59^-4)	0.060	0.71
	Central pulse pressure	0.11^-3 (0.28^-3, 0.19^-3)	0.48	0.010	0.19
	Age	2.79^-5 (-0.18^-4, 0.74^-4)	0.19	0.23
	Sex	0.12^-3 (-0.001, 0.001)	-0.045	0.79
	24ABPM daytime systolic BP	0.17^-4 (-0.49^-4, 0.14^-4)	-0.093	0.58
	Heart rate	1.40^-5 (-0.35^-4, 0.63^-4)	0.091	0.57

R² refers ANOVA adjusted R square and P value is for the independent variable. 24ABPM, 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure. All models adjusted for age, sex, ambulatory daytime systolic BP and heart rate.