Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of vitamin B12 with co-morbidities

Co-morbidities	Europeans			Indians
Co-morbidities	B (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value	B (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Microvascular complications:
Retinopathy	0.294 (0.604)	1.342 (0.411, 4.386)	0.626	-0.085 (0.440)	0.919 (0.388, 2.176)	0.848
Neuropathy	0.132 (0.663)	1.141 (0.311, 4.186)	0.842	-0.208 (0.558)	0.812 (0.272, 2.424)	0.709
Nephropathy	0.790 (1.132)	2.203 (0.239, 20.267)	0.485	-0.721 (0.519)	0.487 (0.176, 1.346)	0.165
Macrovascular complications:
Coronary artery disease (CAD)	1.364 (0.653)	3.911 (1.088, 14.054)	0.037	0.571 (0.790)	1.770 (0.376, 8.332)	0.470
Cerebro vascular accidents (CVA)	-1.226 (1.508)	0.294 (0.015, 5.644)	0.416	0.775 (1.584)	2.170 (0.097, 48.369)	0.625
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)	0.552 (0.608)	1.737 (0.527, 5.722)	0.364	-	-*	-

Model included vitamin B12, age, BMI, sex, duration of diabetes, HbA₁C, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, SBP, DBP, smoking, use of metformin, statin and aspirin.
*- Odds ratio cannot be computed because in the PVD group, the number of B12 deficient cases were zero.

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