Table 1 Basic Characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

63.0 ± 12.3^a

56.8 ± 10.6

BMI (Kg/m2)

32.8 ± 6.1

28.0 ± 5.7

Duration of diabetes (years)

14.1 ± 9.4

8.4 ± 7.6

HbA1C (%)

7.89 ± 1.62

8.30 ± 2.1

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.10 ± 1.10

4.0 ± 1.12

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

2.01 ± 1.48

1.77 ± 0.89

HDL (mmol/L)

1.25 ± 0.35

0.98 ± 0.25

LDL (mmol/L)

1.97 ± 0.81

2.20 ± 0.91

Cholesterol/HDL ratio

3.46 ± 1.19

4.18 ± 1.16

SBP (mmHg)

137 ± 20

132 ± 18

DBP (mmHg)

74 ± 11

81 ± 9.3

Vitamin B12 (ng/L)

290 ± 139

464 ± 228

Vitamin B12 deficiency, n (%)

91 (27)^b

37 (12)

Folate (ug/L)

7.71 ± 9.77

13.6 ± 5.2

Folate deficiency, n (%)

29 (8.5)

0

Smoking, n (%)

26 (8.5)

75 (24)

Microvascular complications:

Retinopathy, n (%)

124 (36)

132 (45)

Neuropathy, n (%)

53 (16)

99 (33)

Nephropathy, n (%)

41 (12)

83 (29)

Macrovasuclar complications:

Coronary artery disease (CAD), n (%)

62 (18)

27 (9)

Cerebro vascular accidents (CVA), n (%)

19 (5.6)

6 (1.9)

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), n (%)

23 (6.7)

17 (6)

Insulin use, n (%)

215 (63)

149 (46)

Metformin use, n (%)

221 (65)

242 (75)

Statin use, n (%)

286 (84)

154 (48)

Aspirin use, n (%)

246 (72)

44 (14)