Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the overall study population and classified according to the medians of baPWV and maxIMT

Gender (male,%)

65.0

65.4

64.6

62.6

66.9

Age (years)

58.9 ± 9.6

55.2 ± 10.1

62.5 ± 7.6*

55.1 ± 10.0

61.8 ± 8.2*

Smoking habit

47.9

47.5

48.3

45.0

50.2

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.9 ± 3.5

24.0 ± 3.9

23.8 ± 3.1

23.8 ± 3.9

24.0 ± 3.2

HbA1c (%)

7.2 ± 1.1

6.7 ± 1.1

6.8 ± 1.1‡

6.8 ± 1.1

6.8 ± 1.2

Duration of diabetes (years)

4.8 ± 4.4

4.2 ± 3.2

5.5 ± 5.2*

4.4 ± 3.2

5.1 ± 5.1‡

Systolic BP (mmHg)

131 ± 17

126 ± 16

137 ± 17*

128 ± 16

133 ± 17*

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

80 ± 11

80 ± 11

81 ± 11

81 ± 11

80 ± 12

Presence of hypertension (%)

73.8

63.1

84.6*

69.9

77.1†

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

188 ± 29

188 ± 29

187 ± 29

188 ± 29

187 ± 29

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

59 ± 16

59 ± 16

58 ± 17

61 ± 18

57 ± 15*

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

106 ± 24

106 ± 23

105 ± 25

104 ± 23

107 ± 24

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

120 ± 89

120 ± 102

121 ± 73

120 ± 100

121 ± 78

Presence of dyslipidemia (%)

70.0

69.4

70.6

69.6

70.3

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.77 ± 0.36

0.75 ± 0.28

0.79 ± 0.43

0.74 ± 0.22

0.79 ± 0.45‡

Framingham risk score (%)

27.4 ± 16.8

21.3 ± 14.3

33.4 ± 17.0*

21.9 ± 14.9

31.7 ± 17.0*

Administration of

Anti-diabetic drugs (%)

70.3

66.3

74.2†

68.7

71.6

Anti-hypertensive drugs (%)

38.8

27.7

49.8*

32.4

43.8*

Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs (%)

40.6

39.6

41.5

40.4

40.7