Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in RAMP-DM group and usual care group

Age (year)

64.3 ± 10.9

65.3 ± 11.7

0.056

Male

534 (49.8%)

534 (49.8%)

1.000

Smokers

106 (9.9%)

90 (8.4%)

0.231

Cluster information

0.767

HKEC

268 (25.0%)

278 (25.9%)

KCC

270 (25.2%)

274 (25.6%)

KWC

256 (23.9%)

262 (24.4%)

NTEC

278 (25.9%)

258 (24.1%)

T2DM

1064 (99.5%)

1006 (93.8%)

<0.001

Duration of DM (year)

7.9 ± 6.2

7.9 ± 6.6

0.759

HbA₁c (%)

7.26 ± 1.17

7.13 ± 1.17

0.033

TC(mmol/L)

5.05 ± 0.96

4.87 ± 0.94

<0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.23 ± 0.34

1.23 ± 0.33

0.830

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.10 ± 0.80

2.89 ± 0.79

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.63 ± 1.08

1.56 ± 1.00

0.2495

SBP ≤ 140 mmHg

615 (58.7%)

634 (69.3%)

<0.001

DBP ≤ 80 mmHg

700 (66.8%)

687 (75.1%)

<0.001

SBP/DBP ≤ 140/80 mmHg

538 (58.8%)

491 (46.9%)

<0.001

HbA₁c < 7%

467 (50.54%)

384 (54.9%)

0.079

SBP < 130 mmHg

365 (34.8%)

412 (45.0%)

<0.001

DBP < 80 mmHg

700 (66.8%)

687 (75.1%)

<0.001

SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg

323 (30.8%)

381 (41.6%)

<0.001

LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L

154 (27.3%)

132 (39.4%)

<0.001

Framingham 10-year CVD risk^b

35.18 ± 20.68

33.32 ± 20.16

0.0882

UKPDS 10-year CHD risk^c

23.25 ± 16.29

22.00 ± 15.90

0.177

UKPDS 10-year stroke risk^d

14.51 ± 15.21

15.06 ± 15.79

0.6439