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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Does glycemic control reverse dispersion of ventricular repolarization in type 2 diabetes?

 

Type 2 diabetes

Control

P

 

(n = 44)

(n = 44)

 

Clinical variables

   

Age (years)

60.6 ± 13.8

58.4 ± 11.4

0.353

Male

24 (54.5%)

22 (50.0%)

0.674

BMI (kg/m2)

26.7 ± 4.4

22.6 ± 2.8

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

124.8 ± 16.8

118.3 ± 13.4

0.048

DBP (mmHg)

74.2 ± 9.4

71.6 ± 9.7

0.204

Smoking

24 (54.5%)

20 (45.5%)

0.400

Duration of DM (years)

12.5 ± 12.0

N/A

 

Retinopathy

14 (31.8%)

N/A

 

Nephropathy

18 (40.9%)

N/A

 

Autonomic neuropathy

7 (15.9%)

N/A

 

CAD

9 (20.5%)

N/A

 

Laboratory variables

   

FPG (mg/dl)

170.3 ± 49.5

89.7 ± 8.0

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

10.0 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 0.3

<0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

228.1 ± 246.0

88.2 ± 38.9

<0.001

HDL-C (mg/dl)

44.5 ± 12.4

54.8 ± 10.2

<0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

115.9 ± 40.0

129.4 ± 27.4

0.0069

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.66 ± 0.22

0.64 ± 0.14

0.597

Uric acid (mg/dl)

5.0 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.4

0.596

Potassium (mEq/l)

4.1 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.1

0.074

Medications

   

ACE-I/ARB

16 (36.4%)

N/A

 

CCB

13 (29.5%)

N/A

 

β blocker

5 (11.4%)

N/A

 

Other antihypertensive drugs

8 (18.2%)

N/A

 

Sulphonylurea

19 (43.2%)

N/A

 

α-glucosidase inhibitor

19 (43.2%)

N/A

 

Biguanide

16 (36.4%)

N/A

 

DPP-4 inhibitor

14 (31.8%)

N/A

 

Insulin

8 (18.2%)

N/A

 

Other antidiabetic drugs

6 (13.6%)

N/A

 

Statin

14 (31.8%)

N/A

 

Fibrate

2 (4.5%)

N/A

 

Electrocardiographic variables

   

Heart rate (bpm)

74.2 ± 15.5

61.0 ± 8.6

<0.001

V1S + V5R (mV)

2.37 ± 0.58

2.14 ± 0.68

0.093

QTc mean (ms)

413.6 ± 18.5

408.3 ± 22.7

0.229

QT dispersion (ms)

41.8 ± 15.4

28.7 ± 7.7

<0.001

QTc dispersion (ms)

45.9 ± 16.3

28.8 ± 7.3

<0.001

Tpeak-Tend in V5 (ms)

83.6 ± 13.6

71.3 ± 10.3

<0.001

  1. BMI = body mass index, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, CAD = coronary artery disease, FPG = fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker, CCB = calcium channel blocker, DPP-4 inhibitor = dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. QTc = corrected QT (by Bazett’s formula), N/A= not applicable. Values are means ± SD or absolute numbers (frequency percentages).