Table 1 Demographic and comorbidity characteristics of the DM patients diagnosed by status of metformin use
First year (n = 645,710) | ≥10th year (n = 140,871) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-users* | Users†| P | Non-users* | Users†| P | |
(n = 560,512) | (n = 85,198) | (n = 126,240) | (n = 14,631) | |||
Sex | <.0001‡ | 0.2560‡ | ||||
 Female | 281325 (50.2%) | 44179 (51.9%) | 73268 (58.0%) | 8420 (57.6%) | ||
 Male | 279187 (49.8%) | 41019 (48.2%) | 52972 (42.0%) | 6211 (42.5%) | ||
Age, years | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 58.6 ± 17.1 | 57.0 ± 14.8 | <.0001§ | 53.7 ± 17.0 | 55.4 ± 15.0 | <.0001§ |
Co-morbidity | ||||||
 Hypertension | 301047 (53.7%) | 54032 (63.4%) | <.0001‡ | 71480 (56.6%) | 10601 (72.5%) | <.0001‡ |
 Congestive heart failure | 42886 (7.7%) | 5162 (6.1%) | <.0001‡ | 11056 (8.8%) | 1507 (10.3%) | <.0001‡ |
 Chronic kidney disease | 75572 (13.5%) | 7337 (8.6%) | <.0001‡ | 22788 (18.1%) | 2449 (16.7%) | <.0001‡ |
 Asthma | 77366 (13.8%) | 11888 (14.0%) | 0.2352‡ | 22437(17.8%) | 2898 (19.8%) | <.0001‡ |
 Hyperthyroidism | 22517 (4.0%) | 3042 (3.6%) | <.0001‡ | 8286 (6.6%) | 877 (6.0%) | 0.0082‡ |
 Myocardial infarction | 8542 (1.5%) | 1165 (1.4%) | 0.0005‡ | 2186 (1.7%) | 305 (2.1%) | 0.0022‡ |
 Ischemic stroke | 46557 (8.3%) | 6207 (7.3%) | <.0001‡ | 12739 (10.1%) | 1818 (12.4%) | <.0001‡ |
 Sleep apnea syndrome | 3949 (0.7%) | 1058 (1.2%) | <.0001‡ | 1874 (1.5%) | 319 (2.2%) | <.0001‡ |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 4238 (0.8%) | 399 (0.5%) | <.0001‡ | 1387 (1.1%) | 165 (1.1%) | 0.7500‡ |
Medication | ||||||
 Anti-hypertensives¶ | 345487 (61.6%) | 60278 (70.8%) | <.0001‡ | 87769 (69.5%) | 11896 (81.3%) | <.0001‡ |
 Statin | 100497 (17.9%) | 31918 (37.5%) | <.0001‡ | 32403 (25.7%) | 6755 (46.2%) | <.0001‡ |