Table 1 Characteristics of older adults with type 2 diabetes by gender
Variables | Total (n = 197) | Male (n = 90) | Female (n = 107) | P 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 72.1 ± 5.3 | 72.2 ± 5.4 | 72.1 ± 5.3 | 0.935 |
Diabetes medication | ||||
Oral hypoglycemic drug | 138 (70.1) | 65 (72.2) | 73 (68.2) | 0.542 |
Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drug | 69 (29.9) | 25 (27.6) | 34 (31.8) | |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 0.534 |
Estimated GFR1 (ml/min) | 71.2 ± 19.1 | 70.3 ± 19.1 | 71.9 ± 19.1 | 0.541 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 0.176 |
High-sensitivity CRP1 (mg/L) | ||||
<1 low cardiovascular risk | 57 (28.9) | 27 (30.0) | 30 (28.0) | 0.169 |
1–3 moderate cardiovascular risk | 105 (53.3) | 52 (57.8) | 53 (49.5) | |
>3 high cardiovascular risk | 35 (17.8) | 11 (12.2) | 24 (22.4) | |
Dietary intake | ||||
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1583.7 ± 414.3 | 1765.3 ± 434.5 | 1424.8 ± 322.1 | <0.001 |
Carbohydrate intake (% of energy) | 60.9 ± 8.5 | 59.5 ± 8.5 | 62.1 ± 8.3 | 0.027 |
Protein intake (% of energy) | 12.4 ± 2.6 | 12.5 ± 2.4 | 12.3 ± 2.8 | 0.464 |
Fat intake (% of energy) | 26.7 ± 7.3 | 28.2 ± 7.5 | 25.3 ± 6.9 | 0.004 |
Calcium (mg/day) | 556.9 ± 385.3 | 557.9 ± 319.1 | 556.0 ± 436.5 | 0.972 |
<AI | 172 (87.3) | 82 (91.1) | 90 (84.1) | 0.142 |
<a previous RDA1,2 | 120 (60.9) | 53 (58.9) | 67 (62.6) | 0.593 |
Magnesium (mg/day) | 218.4 ± 102.4 | 252.5 ± 112.8 | 188.6 ± 81.8 | <0.001 |
<RDA3 | 172 (87.3) | 72 (80.0) | 100 (93.5) | 0.005 |