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Table 1 General characteristics and clinical data

From: Right ventricle free wall mechanics in metabolic syndrome without type-2 diabetes: effects of a 3-month lifestyle intervention program

Variables

Controls (n = 40)

MetS (n = 39)

MetS

Baseline (n = 33)

Follow-up (n = 33)

Age (y)

58.0 ± 4.2

59.6 ± 4.6

59.4 ± 4.4

 

Sex (female,%)

20 (50.0)

20 (51.2)

17 (51.5)

 

MetS criteria

    

 Increased blood pressure (n,%)

8 (20.0)

31 (79.4)***

27 (81.8)

21 (63.6)#***

 Reduced HDL (n,%)

6 (15.0)

29 (74.3)***

23 (69.7)

22 (66.6)***

 Increased fasting glucose (n,%)

0 (0.0)

10 (25.6)**

7 (21.2)

2 (6.1)

 Increased TG (n,%)

4 (1.0)

32 (82.0)***

27 (81.8)

22 (66.6)***

Height (cm)

169.2 ± 8.4

165.6 ± 8.2

166.1 ± 8.7

 

Body weight (kg)

68.1 ± 12.4

85.9 ± 9.9***

86.0 ± 10.2

79.5 ± 9.1###***

BMI (kg.m−2)

23.9 ± 3.1

32.8 ± 3.5***

31.9 ± 3.5

28.8 ± 3.2###***

Waist circumference (cm)

81.9 ± 8.0

99.3 ± 7.9***

98.4 ± 7.6

91.0 ± 6.8###***

Central Fat (kg)

1.2 ± 0.5

3.0 ± 0.6***

3.0 ± 0.7

2.3 ± 0.6###***

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

116 ± 11

130 ± 15*

132 ± 14

120 ± 15#***

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73 ± 8

77 ± 10

76 ± 9

70 ± 9***

Heart rate (bpm)

61 ± 4

71 ± 10***

69 ± 10

65 ± 12##**

LDL-cholesterol (mmol.l−1)

3.6 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 0.8##**

HDL- cholesterol (mmol.l−1)

1.6 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.3***

1.2 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.4**

TG (mmol.l−1)

1.1 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 1.0***

1.9 ± 1.0

1.5 ± 0.6###**

Fasting glucose (mmol.l−1)

4.2 ± 0.5

5.0 ± 0.9***

4.9 ± .7

4.1 ± 0.6###

Fasting insulin (mIU.l−1)

30.2 ± 15.1

40.5 ± 13.9**

39.7 ± 14.3

35.0 ± 12.3#

HbA1C (%)

5.4 ± 0.4

5.9 ± 0.4***

5.9 ± 0.3

5.7 ± 0.3###**

HOMA-IR

2.2 ± 1.3

3.6 ± 1.4***

3.5 ± 1.3

2.6 ± 1.1###

NT-proBNP (pg.ml−1)

22.4 ± 37.7

33.6 ± 51.3

34.3 ± 52.5

44.7 ± 79.3

IL6 (pg.ml−1)

1.2 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 3.5*

2.7 ± 2.8

1.9 ± 2.7

PAI-1 active (pg.ml−1)

7.7 ± 4.9

14.0 ± 7.1***

12.7 ± 6.4

9.5 ± 4.1##*

Adiponectin (μg.ml−1)

32.8 ± 22.0

17.3 ± 12.0***

17.2 ± 13.0

15.8 ± 10.6***

hsCRP (mg.l−1)

1.72 ± 2.77

4.03 ± 3.37***

4.12 ± 3.37

3.08 ± 3.89#

TNF-α (pg.ml−1)

3.5 ± 3.0

11.7 ± 8.0***

12.0 ± 8.3

5.1 ± 4.1###

Routine medication:

    

  Arterial hypertension (n,%)

0 (0.0)

27 (67.5)***

26 (78.8)

22 (66.7)***

  ACE-I/ARBs (n,%)

0 (0.0)

20 (51.3)***

16 (48.4)

15 (45.5)***

  Calcium antagonist (n,%)

0 (0.0)

3 (7.5)

3 (9.1)

3 (9.1)

  Beta-blockers (n,%)

0 (0.0)

6 (15.0)*

5 (15.1)

4 (12.1)*

  Diuretics (n,%)

0 (0.0)

11 (27.5)***

7 (21.2)

7 (21.2)*

  Lipid lowering agents (n,%)

0 (0.0)

21 (52.5)***

16 (48.4)

15 (45.5)***

  1. BMI: body mass index, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein. TG: triglycerides, HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, IL6: interleukin-6, PAI-1 active: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α, ACE-I/ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Significantly different from controls: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Significantly different from baseline in MetS: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001.