Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics

Age, y

66.6 ± 11.9

68.4 ± 9.2

0.529

Male

10 (41.7%)

18 (58.1%)

1.000

Diabetes duration, m

57.6 ± 41.2

41.9 ± 44.1

0.075

BMI, kg/m²

27.8 ± 3.5

25.7 ± 4.3

0.061

Abdominal girth, cm

91.4 ± 11.1

85.6 ± 17.4

0.303

Current smoking

5 (20.8%)

5 (16.1%)

0.475

Regular alcohol drinkers

4 (16.7%)

9 (29.0%)

0.349

Diabetic complication

1 (4.2%)

2 (6.5%)

1.000

  Diabetic retinopathy

1 (4.2%)

0 (0%)

0.436

  Diabetic nephropathy

0 (0%)

2 (6.5%)

0.499

  Diabetic neuropathy

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

-

Hypertension

20 (83.3%)

25 (80.6%)

1.000

Hyperlipidemia

15 (62.5%)

18 (58.1%)

0.787

Hyperuricemia

4 (16.7%)

2 (6.5%)

0.387

Renal disturbance

3 (12.5%)

2 (3.2%)

0.307

Established Cardiovascular diseases

7 (29.2)

7 (22.6)

0.756

  Cerebrovascular disease

4 (16.7%)

1 (3.2%)

0.156

  Myocardial infarction

3 (12.5%)

5 (16.1%)

1.000

  Peripheral artery disease

2 (8.3%)

1 (3.2%)

0.575

Antidiabetic drugs

  Pioglitazone

11 (45.8)

16 (51.6%)

0.787

  Sulfonylurea

5 (20.8%)

3(9.7%)

0.276

  Metformin

3 (12.5%)

0 (0%)

0.077

Antihypertensive drugs

  ARB

15 (62.5%)

19 (61.3%)

1.000

  CCB

13 (54.2%)

18 (58.1%)

0.791

  Diuretics

9 (37.5%)

10 (32.3%)

0.778

  Others

11 (45.8%)

12 (38.7%)

0.783

  ACE-I

1 (4.2%)

3 (9.7%)

  α-Blocker

4 (16.7%)

3 (9.7%)

  β-Blocker

3 (12.5%)

5 (16.1%)

  αβ-Blocker

1 (4.2%)

1 (3.2%)

  Aldosterone antagonist

2 (8.3%)

0 (0%)

Antihyperlipidemic drugs

2 (8.3%)

0 (0%)

  Statins

12 (50.0%)

14 (45.2%)

0.789

  Fibrate

2 (8.3%)

2 (6.5%)

1.000

  Ezetimibe

3 (12.5%)

6 (19.4%)

0.716

  Eicosapentaenoic acid

2 (8.3%)

3 (9.7%)

1.000

Antithrombogenic agents

  Antiplatelet agent

16 (66.7%)

17 (54.8%)

0.417

  Anticoagulant agent

2 (8.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.186

Others

  Nitrates

3 (12.5%)

0 (0%)

0.077

  Allopurinol

1 (4.2%)

1 (3.2%)

1.000

  Uricosuric agents

0 (0%)

1 (3.2%)

1.000