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Table 3 The association between cosine parameters of circadian pattern with insulin resistance measures based on random-effects meta-analysis

From: Insulin resistance and circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic modulation

   

HRV index

 
   

Log HF (ms 2 )

Log LF (ms 2 )

LF/HF ratio

Log VLF(ms 2 )

SDNN (ms)

RMSSD (ms)

Heart Rate (bpm)

   

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Log HOMA-IR

M1

M

-0.25

0.09**

-0.24

0.08**

0.11

0.21

-0.19

0.06**

-4.89

1.76**

-3.35

1.31**

2.14

0.99*

  

Â

0.04

0.03

-0.01

0.03

0.15

0.09

0.01

0.02

-0.19

0.61

-0.34

0.59

-0.28

0.48

  

θ

0.11

0.91

1.33

1.12

-1.56

1.35

0.22

0.91

-0.60

0.91

-1.24

1.00

0.47

0.33

 

M2

M

-0.28

0.10**

-0.28

0.08**

0.08

0.22

-0.23

0.07**

-5.90

1.90**

-3.50

1.45*

2.57

1.11*

  

Â

0.01

0.04

-0.01

0.03

0.08

0.10

0.03

0.03

-0.002

0.67

-0.61

0.67

-0.16

0.54

  

θ

0.22

1.04

1.04

1.26

-0.07

1.42

-0.02

1.01

-0.22

1.02

-1.14

1.12

0.26

0.37

Log insulin

M1

M

-0.23

0.09*

-0.23

0.08**

0.05

0.21

-0.18

0.06**

-4.41

1.75**

-3.03

1.30*

1.94

1.00

  

Â

0.04

0.03

-0.02

0.03

0.14

0.09

0.01

0.02

-0.21

0.60

-0.18

0.58

-0.09

0.48

  

θ

-0.40

0.94

0.91

1.14

-1.84

1.33

0.13

0.92

-0.87

0.92

-1.84

1.01

0.46

0.33

 

M2

M

-0.25

0.10**

-0.26

0.08**

0.04

0.21

-0.20

0.06**

-5.21

1.89**

-3.15

1.44*

2.18

1.12*

  

Â

0.02

0.04

-0.01

0.03

0.08

0.09

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.66

-0.35

0.65

0.07

0.54

  

θ

-0.41

1.07

0.47

1.27

-0.44

1.39

-0.26

1.02

-0.70

1.03

-1.82

1.13

0.24

0.36

Glucose

M1

M

-0.20

0.09*

-0.17

0.08*

0.21

0.21

-0.16

0.06**

-4.05

1.79*

-2.31

1.34

1.04

1.01

  

Â

-0.01

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.10

0.09

0.03

0.02

0.42

0.61

-0.81

0.59

-0.83

0.47

  

θ

1.36

0.90

1.43

1.12

0.92

1.35

-0.21

0.91

0.07

0.92

1.42

1.02

0.08

0.34

 

M2

M

-0.16

0.10

-0.18

0.08*

0.08

0.22

-0.18

0.07**

-4.41

1.93*

-1.84

1.48

1.79

1.12

  

Â

-0.04

0.04

0.01

0.03

0.05

0.10

0.05

0.02

0.32

0.67

-1.25

0.66

-0.88

0.53

  

θ

1.85

1.02

1.82

1.24

1.91

1.39

0.32

0.98

1.19

0.10

1.87

1.13

-0.05

0.37

  1. Abbreviations: Â, amplitude; BPM, beats per minute; HF, high frequency power; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HRV, heart rate variability; LF, low frequency power; Log, logarithm; M, mean; RMSSD, square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of all RR intervals; VLF, very low frequency power; θ, acrophrase time.
  2. Models: M1, unadjusted; M2, adjusted for age, sex, race, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
  3. Beta = one SD increase of insulin resistance measurements. *, and **, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively.