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Table 1 The study population demographic characteristics and summaries of HRV indices.

From: Insulin resistance and circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic modulation

Demographics

All subjects (n = 94)

Age (years)

56.5 (7.8)

Gender (% male)

37.2

Race (% white)

76.6

BMI (kg/m2)

27.1 (4.9)

College or higher (%)

78.2

Cardiovascular disease (%)

7.4

Hypertension (%)

33.0

Systolic BP (mmHg)

122.0 (15.4)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75.0 (9.3)

Insulin (μU/mL)

6.6 (6.7)

Log insulin (μU/mL)

1.5 (0.8)

Glucose (mg/dL)

84.4 (11.3)

HOMA-IR

1.45 (1.73)

Log HOMA-IR

-0.030 (0.86)

HRV indices*:

 

   Log of HF (ms2)

4.4 (0.9)

   Log of LF (ms2)

5.4 (0.8)

   LF/HF ratio

3.8 (2.2)

   Log of VLF (ms2)

6.9 (0.6)

   SDNN (ms)

61.8 (18.4)

   RMSSD (ms)

29.6 (14.8)

   Heart rate (BPM)

76.5 (9.7)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BPM, beats per minute; HF, high frequency power; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HRV, heart rate variability; LF, low frequency power; Log, logarithm; RMSSD, square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of all RR intervals; VLF, very low frequency power.
  2. Data are expressed as mean (SD) or percentage.
  3. *: Overall average of the intra-subject means.