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Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients

From: Post-load hyperglycemia as an important predictor of long-term adverse cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction: a scientific study

 

NGT

IGT

NDM

PDM

 

(n = 106)

(n = 140)

(n = 68)

(n = 108)

Basic characteristics

    

   Male, n (%)

77 (72.6)

108 (77.1)

56 (82.4)

86 (79.6)

   Age, year

64 ± 11

66 ± 10

63 ± 11

68 ± 9.* ***

   Body-mass index, kg/m2

23.4 ± 3.0

23.5 ± 2.6

24.5 ± 2.7* **

24.2 ± 2.9* **

   Family history of IHD, n (%)

30 (28.3)

45(32.1)

19 (27.9)

26 (24.1)

   History of smoking, n (%)

80 (75.5)

99(70.7)

56 (82.4)

79 (73.1)

   Clinical history, n (%)

    

Hypertension, n (%)

66 (62.3)

82 (58.6)

41 (60.3)

63 (58.3)

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

62 (58.5)

84 (60.0)

44 (64.7)

62 (57.4)

Heart failure, n (%)

2 (1.9)

2 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.9)

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

4 (3.8)

12(8.6)

2 (2.9)

13 (12.0)*

Chronic renal failure, n (%)

2 (1.9)

9 (6.4)

1(1.5)

9 (8.3)

ASO, n (%)

5(4.7)

6 (4.3)

4 (5.9)

17 (15.7)* **

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%)

2 (1.9)

5 (3.6)

1 (1.5)

1 (0.9)

Malignancy, n (%)

4 (3.8)

11 (7.9)

3 (4.4)

3 (2.8)

   Previous procedures (PTCA/CABG), n (%)

3 (2.8)

7 (5.0)

6 (8.8)

8 (7.4)

Laboratory data at the time of admission

    

   Fasting blood sugar, mg/dL

90 ± 7

94 ± 9.*

99 ± 11* **

 

   Blood sugar after 2 h, mg/dL

115 ± 18

165 ± 20*

237 ± 30* **

 

   HbA1c, %

5.3 ± 0.3

5.4 ± 0.5*

5.7 ± 0.4* **

8.1 ± 1.5* ** ***

   Total Cholesterol, mg/dL

194 ± 39

193 ± 37

199 ± 33

199 ± 42

   Triglyceride, mg/dL

107 ± 85

102 ± 56

123 ± 74**

122 ± 87**

   LDL-Cholesterol, mg/dL

130 ± 37

130 ± 32

129 ± 33

130 ± 36

   HDL-Cholesterol, mg/dL

44 ± 11

43 ± 12

45 ± 20

45 ± 12

   Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

   Urea acid, mg/dL

5.3 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 1.3

5.2 ± 1.8

Characteristics of acute myocardial infarction

    

   Systolic blood pressure on admission, mmHg

135 ± 25

139 ± 23

139 ± 24

136 ± 24

   Heart rate on admission, bpm/m

72 ± 17

75 ± 16

76 ± 18

77 ± 19

   Killip class≦‖, n (%)

9 (8.5)

5 (3.6)

4 (5.9)

15 (13.9)**

   Anterior MI, n (%)

45 (42.5)

77 (55.0)

28 (41.2)

50 (46.3)

   Multi-vessel disease, n (%)

48(45.3)

63 (45.0)

35 (51.5)

73 (67.6)* ** ***

   Procedural features

    

Thrombolysis, n (%)

16 (15.1)

19 (13.6)

7 (10.3)

14 (13.0)

Primary PTCA/CABG, n (%)

64(60.4)

96 (68.6)

45 (66.2)

61 (56.5)

Stent implantation, n (%)

73(68.9)

116 (82.9)*

52 (76.5)

68 (63.0)

   LVEF, %

44.4 ± 8.1

42.8 ± 8.2

43.9 ± 8.8

43.6 ± 9.2

   Peak CPK, U/L

2827 ± 1905

2988 ± 2385

2741 ± 1588

2757 ± 2393

Medications

    

   Aspirin, n (%)

103(97.2)

138 (98.6)

66 (97.1)

104 (96.3)

   ACEI/ARB, n (%)

72 (67.9)

104 (74.3)

54 (79.4)

73 (67.6)

   Beta-blockers, n (%)

46(43.4)

87(62.1)*

45 (66.2)*

63(58.3)*

   Statin, n (%)

46 (43.4)

65 (46.4)

39 (57.4)

45 (41.2)

   Oral hypoglycemic agents, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (2.9)

66 (61.1)* ** ***

   Insulin therapy, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

18 (16.7)* ** ***

  1. *; vs NGT p < 0.05 **; vs IGT p < 0.05 ***; vs NDM p < 0.05
  2. NGT, normal glucose tolerance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NDM, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus; PDM, previously known diabetes mellitus; IHD, ischemic heart disease; ASO, arteriosclerosis obliterans; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL-Cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol; MI = myocardial infarction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker