| |
Total (n = 3,810)
|
Men (n = 2,033)
|
Women (n = 1,777)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Smoker
|
11.9
|
14.4
|
9.1
|
1.69 (1.37-2.08)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Any alcohol, even rare
|
62.9
|
79.9
|
43.6
|
5.15 (4.38-6.06)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Any Sports, even rare
|
40.1
|
45.0
|
34.6
|
1.55 (1.35-1.78)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
63.3
|
64.7
|
61.6
|
1.14 (1.00-1.31)
|
< 0.05
|
|
Hypertension
|
84.4
|
83.6
|
85.3
|
0.88 (0.74-1.05)
|
n.s.
|
|
Malignancy
|
2.0
|
1.8
|
2.2
|
0.83 (0.52-1.30)
|
n.s.
|
|
Coronary artery disease
|
17.9
|
23.4
|
11.7
|
2.31 (1.93-2.76)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Prior MI
|
34.4
|
38.9
|
24.1
|
2.00 (1.38-2.92)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Prior stroke/TIA
|
4.6
|
5.0
|
4.2
|
1.18 (0.87-1.60)
|
n.s.
|
|
PAD
|
6.0
|
7.7
|
4.1
|
1.95 (1.46-2.60)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Amputation*
|
0.9
|
1.2
|
0.6
|
2.20 (1.05-4.60)
|
< 0.05
|
|
Heart failure
|
9.9
|
10.4
|
9.3
|
1.13 (0.91-1.40)
|
n.s.
|
|
Autonomous neuropathy
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
2.9
|
1.28 (0.89-1.84)
|
n.s.
|
|
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy
|
14.4
|
15.7
|
12.8
|
1.27 (1.06-1.53)
|
< 0.05
|
|
NPDR
|
3.8
|
3.6
|
3.9
|
0.91 (0.65-1.28)
|
n.s.
|
|
PDR
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.97 (0.39-2.40)
|
n.s.
|
|
Blindness
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
1.17 (0.26-5.22)
|
n.s.
|
|
Clinically relevant depression
|
5.4
|
3.6
|
7.4
|
0.47 (0.35-0.63)
|
< 0.0001
|
- PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; MI, Myocardial Infarction; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; TIA, transitory ischemic attack; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; * toe, foot or lower extremity
