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Table 1 Patient characteristics* according to quintiles of ALT

From: The association of higher levels of within-normal-limits liver enzymes and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome

Men (N = 6561)

1st Quintile

2nd Quintile

3rd Quintile

4th Quintile

5th Quintile

ANOVA/χ2

P for linear trend

 

ALT<16

16≤ALT<20

20≤ALT<23

23≤ALT<29

29≤ALT≤40

  

N

1196

1545

1121

1460

1239

P Value

 

Age (years)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

0.757

0.280

Waist (cm)

94

(10)

95

(11)

95

(11)

95

(10)

95

(10)

0.299

0.032

BMI (kg/m2)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

0.084

0.017

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

78

(9)

78

(8)

78

(8)

78

(9)

79

(8)

0.206

0.025

Systolic BP (mmHg)

125

(15)

124

(14)

124

(15)

124

(15)

125

(14)

0.603

0.865

Alcohol consumption (glasses/week)

1.0

(1.5)

1.1

(1.6)

1.1

(1.5)

1.1

(1.6)

0.9

(1.5)

0.132

0.189

Exercise intensity (hours/week)

2.4

(3.0)

2.3

(2.7)

2.2

(2.5)

2.3

(2.9)

2.2

(2.5)

0.274

0.102

Smoking status, n (%)

          

0.685

 

   Current

184

(15.7)

256

(17.0)

177

(16.0)

215

(15.0)

207

(17.1)

  

   Former

292

(24.9)

396

(26.2)

286

(25.9)

388

(27.1)

328

(27.1)

  

Hypertension, n (%)

286

(23.9)

362

(23.4)

298

(26.6)

340

(23.3)

328

(26.5)

0.111

 

Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%)

100

(8.4)

145

(9.4)

118

(10.5)

133

(9.1)

135

(10.9)

0.192

 

Metabolic Syndrome, n (%)

87

(7.3)

167

(10.8)

131

(11.7)

258

(17.7)

273

(22.0)

< 0.001

 

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.86

(0.45)

4.99

(0.50)

5.07

(0.52)

5.13

(0.53)

5.19

(0.55)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.57

(0.39)

1.50

(0.37)

1.46

(0.36)

1.39

(0.33)

1.34

(0.31)

< 0.001

< 0.001

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.90

(0.81)

3.07

(0.82)

3.11

(0.80)

3.20

(0.82)

3.21

(0.80)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Triglycerides† (mmol/L)

0.95

 

1.00

 

1.09

 

1.21

 

1.35

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

Statins, n(%)

117

(9.8)

142

(9.2)

97

(8.7)

129

(8.8)

124

(10.0)

0.732

 

Fibrates, n(%)

14

(1.2)

19

(1.2)

11

(1.0)

12

(0.8)

10

(0.8)

0.718

 

Women (N = 3389)

1 st Quintile

2 nd Quintile

3 rd Quintile

4 th Quintile

5 th Quintile

ANOVA

P for linear trend

 

ALT<16

16≤ALT<19

19≤ALT<22

22≤ALT<27

27≤ALT≤35

P Value

 

N =

767

652

607

738

625

  

Age (years)

44

(11)

45

(11)

45

(11)

45

(11)

45

(11)

0.703

0.369

Waist (cm)

82

(12)

82

(12)

82

(12)

82

(12)

83

(11)

0.389

0.171

BMI (kg/m2)

25

(5)

25

(5)

25

(5)

25

(5)

26

(5)

0.489

0.248

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73

(8)

74

(8)

74

(8)

74

(9)

74

(8)

0.209

0.019

Systolic BP (mmHg)

117

(15)

117

(16)

117

(15)

117

(16)

118

(16)

0.688

0.420

Alcohol consumption (glasses/week)

0.5

(1.1)

0.5

(1.1)

0.5

(1.1)

0.5

(1.2)

0.5

(1.1)

0.999

0.867

Exercise intensity (hours/week)

1.9

(2.8)

1.8

(2.5)

2.0

(3.4)

1.7

(2.3)

1.8

(2.4)

0.474

0.329

Smoking status, n (%)

          

0.447

 

   Current

150

(19.9)

129

(20.3)

99

(16.6)

136

(18.8)

114

(18.7)

  

   Former

145

(19.2)

124

(19.5)

131

(22.0)

125

(17.3)

126

(20.7)

  

Hypertension, n (%)

106

(13.8)

111

(17.0)

89

(14.7)

118

(16.0)

101

(16.2)

0.481

 

Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%)

55

(7.2)

56

(8.6)

46

(7.6)

52

(7.0)

40

(6.4)

0.648

 

Metabolic Syndrome, n (%)

84

(11.0)

102

(15.6)

106

(17.5)

173

(23.4)

180

(28.8)

< 0.001

 

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.87

(0.48)

4.95

(0.50)

5.05

(0.53)

5.12

(0.55)

5.18

(0.55)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.60

(0.37)

1.52

(0.40)

1.48

(0.37)

1.41

(0.35)

1.35

(0.33)

< 0.001

< 0.001

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.90

(0.80)

3.02

(0.80)

3.13

(0.79)

3.19

(0.81)

3.15

(0.85)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Triglycerides† (mmol/L)

0.93

 

1.01

 

1.06

 

1.21

 

1.29

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

Statins, n(%)

59

(7.7)

40

(6.1)

48

(7.9)

41

(5.6)

33

(5.3)

0.164

 

Fibrates, n(%)

6

(0.8)

5

(0.8)

5

(0.8)

0

(0)

1

(0.2)

0.073

 
  1. * - Data are arithmetic means (S.D.) or N (%).
  2. † - Geometric means.
  3. List of Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840