Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients.

Age (years)

65 (11)

338 (100)

Men

64

338 (100)

Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)

11 (10)

254 (75)

Current plus past smoking

57

282 (83)

Current drinker

43

268 (79)

Therapeutic method for diabetes mellitus

338 (100)

   Diet only/OHA/Insulin

4/51/44

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.4 (4.4)

333 (99)

Obesity^#

36

333 (99)

Hypertension

78

338 (100)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132 (19)

338 (100)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76 (12)

338 (100)

Antihypertensive agents

338 (100)

   ACEi

19

   ARB

46

   CCB

48

Hyperlipidaemia

73

338 (100)

   Statin

54

HbA1c (%)

7.2 (1.7)

316 (94)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.9 (1.1)

262 (78)

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.9 (1.0)

297 (88)

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.5 (0.4)

299 (89)

Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

92 (69)

338 (100)

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

57.5 (21.5)

338 (100)

CKD stage

338 (100)

   Stage 1

5

   Stage 2

45

   Stage 3

39

   Stage 4+5

11

Diabetic retinopathy^$

45

254 (75)

Diabetic neuropathy

84

256 (76)

Cerebrovascular disease

23

336 (99)

Coronary heart disease

21

337 (100)

Peripheral arterial disease

4

338 (100)

Diabetic nephropathy

321 (95)

   Stage I

47

   Stage II

25

   Stage III

17

   Stage IV

11

ABI

1.1 (0.1)

240 (71)

baPWV (cm/s)

1794 (397)

239 (71)

IMT (mm)

1.06 (0.27)

338 (100)