Table 1 Participant characteristics (n = 97).
| Â | MetS (n = 60) | Pre-MetS (n = 37) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 52.8 ± 14.2 | 50.3 ± 16.6 | 0.494 |
Sex, female (%) | 22 (36.7%) | 17 (45.9%) | 0.333 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.1 ± 6.5 | 29.0 ± 4.9 | 0.015 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 103 ± 15 | 98 ± 11 | 0.093 |
Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 114 ± 28 | 130 ± 41 | 0.025 |
Plasma insulin (IU/mL) | 33.0 ± 36.4 | 33.4 ± 37.5 | 0.961 |
HOMA-IR | 4.8 ± 6.6 | 4.7 ± 7.0 | 0.944 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 129 ± 33 | 121 ± 36 | 0.366 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.5 ± 11.9 | 61.1 ± 12.4 | 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 235 ± 224 | 151 ± 128 | 0.200 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 0.605 |
CRP (μg/dL) | 254 ± 575 | 156 ± 226 | 0.323 |
Smoking, n (%) | 14 (23.3%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.484 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 37 (61.7%) | 20 (54.1%) | 0.623 |
Diabetes/IFG, n (%) | 21 (35.0%) | 14 (37.8%) | 0.658 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 38 (63.3%) | 18 (48.6%) | 0.236 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 13 (21.7%) | 2 (5.4%) | 0.027 |
Hyper uric acidemia | 14 (23.3%) | 10 (27.0%) | 0.596 |
Fatty liver disease | 10 (16.7%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.102 |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (8.3%) | 2 (5.4%) | 0.627 |
OSAS, n (%) | 4 (6.7%) | 1 (2.7%) | 0.416 |
Statin use, n (%) | 27 (45.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | 0.016 |
Diuretic use, n (%) | 12 (20.0%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.658 |
β-blockers, n (%) | 21 (35.0%) | 13 (35.1%) | 0.899 |
RAAS inhibitors, n (%) | 10 (16.7%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.985 |
Ca-channel blockers, n (%) | 31 (51.7%) | 14 (37.8%) | 0.326 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 21 (35.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | 0.117 |
Metabolic score (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |