Table 1 Prospective studies evaluating the effect of elevated circulating IL-18 levels on cardiovascular, metabolic syndrome and diabetes related end points.
Study | Patients (n) and study population | Follow-up, years | End points | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Blankenberg et al. [56] | 1229 (known CAD) | 4 | Cardiovascular mortality | Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality |
Blankenberg et al. [58] | 335 cases and 670 controls (healthy men) | 5 | CAD | Increased risk of CAD |
Everett et al. [59] | 253 cases and 253 controls (healthy women) | 6 | CVD | Increased risk of CVD |
Koenig et al. [60] | 382 cases and 1980 controls (population based) | 11 | CAD | No increased risk of CAD |
Espinola-Klein et al. [62] | 1263, stratified for MS (known CAD) | 6 | Cardiovascular mortality | Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in MS strata |
Trøseid et al. [63] | 563, stratified for MS (elderly high risk men) | 3 | CVD | Increased risk of CVD in MS strata |
Thorand et al. [50] | 527 cases and 1698 controls (population based) | 11 | Type 2 diabetes | Increased risk of type 2 diabetes |
Hivert et al. [49] | 1012 cases and 1081 controls (women) | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Increased risk of type 2 diabetes |