Variables | Total | Metabolic syndrome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Absent | Present | P | ||
n | 1017 | 323 (32%) | 694 (68%) | |
Women | 68% | 73% | 65% | 0.008 |
Age (years) | 42 (12) | 39 (12) | 44 (12) | <0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | 26% | 1.5% | 37% | <0.001 |
Coronary heart disease | 4.3% | 0.9% | 5.9% | 0.001 |
Elevated blood pressure | 70% | 40% | 83% | <0.001 |
Current smoking | 26% | 27% | 26% | 0.735 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 44.7 (6.2) | 44.2 (6.1) | 45.0 (6.2) | 0.079 |
Waist (cm) | 133 (14) | 130 (15) | 134 (14) | <0.001 |
PTH, vit D and magnesium | ||||
PTH (pmol/l) | 5.8 (2.3) | 5.6 (2.3) | 5.9 (2.4) | 0.067 |
25(OH)D (nmol/l) | 52 (22) | 53 (20) | 52 (23) | 0.127 |
Magnesium (mmol/l) | 0.84 (0.08) | 0.86 (0.07) | 0.84 (0.08) | <0.001 |
Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.35 (0.07) | 2.35 (0.06) | 2.36 (0.07) | 0.392 |
Phosphate (mmol/l) | 1.09 (0.17) | 1.09 (0.15) | 1.10 (0.17) | 0.517 |
Creatinine (μmol/l) | 65 (11) | 65 (10) | 66 (12) | 0.889 |
Vitamin D supplement use | 11% | 11% | 11% | 1.000 |
HbA1c and insulin resistance | ||||
HbA1c | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.3 (0.4) | 6.3 (1.4) | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 6.3 (6.0) | 3.9 (2.3) | 7.5 (6.8) | <0.001 |
Inflammation | ||||
CRP (≥ 7 mg/l) | 69% | 67% | 70% | 0.400 |
Drugs | ||||
Thiazides | 14% | 7% | 17% | <0.001 |
Loop diuretics | 9% | 4% | 11% | <0.001 |
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor | 8% | 3% | 10% | 0.001 |
Blocker or ACE-inhibitor use | ||||
Albuminuria | 11% | 4% | 14% | <0.001 |